March 1, 2018 - 10-K: Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K


x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017


o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file No. 1-13883

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		77-0448994 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1720 North First Street, San Jose, California (Address of Principal Executive Offices)		95112 (Zip Code)

(408) 367-8200

(Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class:		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232,405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,767 million on June 30, 2017, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The valuation is based on the closing price of the registrant's common stock as traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

The Common stock outstanding at February 12, 2018 was 48,011,346 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the California Water Service Group 2017 Annual Meeting are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	4
	Forward-Looking Statements	4
	Overview	5
	Regulated Business	5
	Non-Regulated Activities	6
	Operating Segment	6
	Growth	7
	Geographical Service Areas and Number of Customer Connections at Year-end	7
	Rates and Regulation	8
	Water Supply	11
	Seasonal Fluctuations	14
	Utility Plant Construction	14
	Energy Reliability	14
	Impact of Climate Change Legislation	14
	Security at Company Facilities	15
	Quality of Water Supply	15
	Competition and Condemnation	15
	Environmental Matters	15
	Employees	16
	Executive Officers of the Registrant	16
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	27
Item 2.	Properties	27
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	29
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
	Overview	31
	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	31
	Results of Operations	34
	Rates and Regulation	37
	Water Supply	37
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	38
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	42
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	81
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	81
Item 9B.	Other Information	81

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		Page
PART III
Item 10.	Directors and Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	82
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	82
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	82
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence	82
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	82
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	83
	Exhibit Index	83
	Signatures	86

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report, including all documents incorporated by reference, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements in this annual report are based on currently available information, expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections, and our management's beliefs, assumptions, judgments and expectations about us, the water utility industry and general economic conditions. These statements are not statements of historical fact. When used in our documents, statements that are not historical in nature, including words like "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "may," "estimates," "assumes," "anticipates," "projects," "predicts," "forecasts," "should," "seeks," or variations of these words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They are based on numerous assumptions that we believe are reasonable, but they are open to a wide range of uncertainties and business risks. Consequently, actual results may vary materially from what is contained in a forward-looking statement.

Factors which may cause actual results to be different than those expected or anticipated include, but are not limited to:


•	governmental and regulatory commissions' decisions, including decisions on proper disposition of property;


•	consequences of eminent domain actions relating to our water systems;


•	changes in regulatory commissions' policies and procedures;


•	the timeliness of regulatory commissions' actions concerning rate relief;


•	inability to renew leases to operate city water systems on beneficial terms;


•	changes in California State Water Resources Control Board water quality standards;


•	changes in environmental compliance and water quality requirements;


•	electric power interruptions;


•	housing and customer growth index;


•	the impact of opposition to rate increases;


•	our ability to recover costs;


•	availability of water supplies;


•	issues with the implementation, maintenance or security of our information technology systems;


•	civil disturbances or terrorist threats or acts, or apprehension about the possible future occurrences of acts of this type;


•	labor relations matters as we negotiate with the unions;


•	restrictive covenants in or changes to the credit ratings on current or future debt that could increase financing costs or affect the ability to borrow, make payments on debt, or pay dividends;


•	changes in customer water use patterns and the effects of conservation;


•	the impact of weather, climate, natural disasters, and diseases on water quality, water availability, water sales and operating results;


•	the risks set forth in "Risk Factors" included elsewhere in this annual report.

In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report or as of the date of any document incorporated by reference in this annual report, as applicable. When considering forward-looking statements, investors should keep in mind the cautionary statements in this annual report and the documents incorporated by reference. We are not under any obligation, and we expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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Overview

California Water Service Group is a holding company incorporated in Delaware in 1999 with six operating subsidiaries: California Water Service Company (Cal Water), New Mexico Water Service Company (New Mexico Water), Washington Water Service Company (Washington Water), Hawaii Water Service Company, Inc. (Hawaii Water), and CWS Utility Services and HWS Utility Services LLC (CWS Utility Services and HWS Utility Services LLC being referred to collectively in this annual report as Utility Services). Cal Water, New Mexico Water, Washington Water, and Hawaii Water are regulated public utilities. The regulated utility entities also provide some non-regulated services. Utility Services provides non-regulated services to private companies and municipalities. Cal Water was the original operating company and began operations in 1926.

Our business is conducted through our operating subsidiaries and we provide utility services to approximately two million people. The bulk of the business consists of the production, purchase, storage, treatment, testing, distribution and sale of water for domestic, industrial, public and irrigation uses, and for fire protection. We also provide non-regulated water-related services under agreements with municipalities and other private companies. The non-regulated services include full water system operation, billing and meter reading services. Non-regulated operations also include the lease of communication antenna sites, lab services and promotion of other non-regulated services.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no significant changes in the kind of products produced or services rendered by our operating subsidiaries, or in the markets or methods of distribution.

Our mailing address and contact information is:

California Water Service Group

1720 North First Street

San Jose, California 95112-4598

telephone number: 408-367-8200

www.calwatergroup.com

Annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports are available free of charge through our website. The reports are available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with the SEC.

Regulated Business

California water operations are conducted by the Cal Water and CWS Utility Services entities, which provide service to approximately 484,900 customer connections in approximately 100 California communities through 20 separate districts, which are subject to regulation by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). Cal Water operates two leased water systems, the City of Hawthorne and the City of Commerce, which are governed through their respective city councils and are outside of the CPUC's jurisdiction. California water operations accounted for approximately 94.3% of our total customer connections and approximately 93.9% of our total consolidated operating revenue.

Hawaii Water provides service to approximately 4,500 water and wastewater customer connections on the islands of Maui and Hawaii, including several large resorts and condominium complexes. Hawaii Water's regulated customer connections are subject to the jurisdiction of the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission (HPUC). Hawaii Water accounts for 0.9% of our total customer connections and approximately 3.6% of our total consolidated operating revenue.

Washington Water provides domestic water service to approximately 16,800 customer connections in the Tacoma and Olympia areas. Washington Water's utility operations are regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission. Washington Water accounts for approximately 3.3% of our total customer connections and approximately 1.8% of our total consolidated operating revenue.

New Mexico Water provides service to approximately 8,100 water and wastewater customer connections in the Belen, Los Lunas and Elephant Butte areas in New Mexico. New Mexico's regulated operations are subject to the jurisdiction of the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission. New Mexico Water accounts for approximately 1.6% of our total customer connections and 0.7% of our total consolidated operating revenue.

The state regulatory bodies governing our regulated operations are referred to as the Commissions in this annual report. Rates and operations for regulated customers are subject to the jurisdiction of the respective state's regulatory Commission. The Commissions require that water and wastewater rates for each regulated district be independently determined based on the cost of service, except in Washington, which has a statewide tariff. The Commissions are expected to authorize rates sufficient to recover normal operating expenses and allow the utility to earn a fair and reasonable return on invested capital.

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We distribute water in accordance with accepted water utility methods. Where applicable, we hold franchises and permits in the cities and communities where we operate. The franchises and permits allow us to operate and maintain facilities in public streets and right-of-ways as necessary.

We operate the City of Hawthorne and the City of Commerce water systems under lease agreements. In accordance with the lease agreements, we receive all revenues from operating the systems and are responsible for paying the operating costs. The City of Hawthorne and the City of Commerce lease revenues are governed through their respective city councils and are considered non-regulated because they are outside of the CPUC's jurisdiction. We report revenue and expenses for the City of Hawthorne and City of Commerce leases in operating revenue and operating expenses because we are entitled to retain all customer billings and are responsible for all operating expenses. These leases are considered "nontariffed products and services" (NTPS) by the CPUC and require a 10% revenue sharing with regulated customers.

In October 2011, an agreement was negotiated with the City of Hawthorne to lease and operate its water system. The system, which is located near the Hermosa Redondo district, serves about half of Hawthorne's population. The capital lease agreement required an up-front $8.1 million lease deposit to the city that is being amortized over the lease term. Additionally, annual lease payments will be adjusted based on changes in rates charged to customers. Under the lease we are responsible for all aspects of system operation and capital improvements, although title to the system and system improvements reside with the city. Capital improvements are recorded as depreciable plant and equipment and depreciated per the asset lives set forth in the agreement. In exchange, we receive all revenue from the water system, which was $10.0 million, $8.5 million and $8.0 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. At the end of the lease, the city is required to reimburse us for the unamortized value of capital improvements made during the term of the lease. The City of Hawthorne capital lease is a 15-year lease and expires in 2026.

In July 2003, an agreement was negotiated with the City of Commerce to lease and operate its water system. The lease was a 15-year lease and expires in June 2018. In 2017, we bid to provide services after June 2018 and we expect the City of Commerce to release the results of the bidding process in 2018. Under the current agreement, the operating lease requires us to pay $0.8 million per year in monthly installments and $200 per acre-foot for water usage exceeding 2,000 acre-feet per year, plus a percentage of certain operational savings that may be realized. Under the lease agreement, we are responsible for all aspects of the system's operations. The city is responsible for capital expenditures, and title to the system and system improvements resides with the city. We bear the risks of operation and collection of amounts billed to customers. The agreement allows Cal Water to request a rate change in order to recover costs. In exchange, we receive all revenue from the water system, which was $3.4 million, $2.5 million, and $2.0 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Non-Regulated Activities

Fees for non-regulated activities are based on contracts negotiated between the parties. Under our non-regulated contract arrangements, we operate municipally owned water systems, privately owned water and recycled water distribution systems, but are not responsible for all operating costs. Non-regulated revenue received from water system operations is generally determined on a fee-per-customer basis.

Non-regulated revenue and expenses consist primarily of the operation of water systems that are owned by other entities under lease agreements, leasing of communication antenna sites on our properties, billing of optional third-party insurance programs to our residential customers, and unrealized gains or losses on benefit plan investments.

Effective June 30, 2011, the CPUC adopted new rules related to the provision of non-regulated services using utility assets and employees. As a result, nearly all California non-regulated activities are now considered NTPS. The prescribed accounting for these NTPS is incremental cost allocation plus revenue sharing with regulated customers. Non-regulated services determined to be "active activities" require a 10% revenue sharing, and "passive activities" require a 30% revenue sharing. The amount of non-regulated revenues subject to revenue sharing is the total billed revenues less any authorized pass-through costs. Some examples of CPUC authorized pass-through costs are purchased water, purchased power, and pump taxes. All of our non-regulated services, except for leasing communication antenna sites on our properties and unrealized gains or losses on benefit investments, are "active activities" subject to a 10% revenue sharing. Leasing communication antenna sites on our properties are "passive activities" subject to a 30% revenue sharing. Cal Water's annual revenue sharing with regulated customers was $2.2 million, $2.1 million, and $2.2 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Operating Segment

We operate in one reportable segment, the supply and distribution of water and providing water-related utility services. For information about revenue from external customers, net income and total assets, see "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

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Growth

We intend to continue exploring opportunities to expand our regulated and non-regulated water and wastewater activities in the western United States. The opportunities could include system acquisitions, lease arrangements similar to the City of Hawthorne and City of Commerce contracts, full service system operation and maintenance agreements, meter reading, billing contracts and other utility-related services.

Geographical Service Areas and Number of Customer Connections at Year-end

Our principal markets are users of water within our service areas. The approximate number of customer connections served in each regulated district, the City of Hawthorne and the City of Commerce, at December 31 is as follows:



(rounded to the nearest hundred)	2017	2016
SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA/NORTH COAST
Bay Area Region (serving South San Francisco, Colma, Broadmoor, San Mateo, San Carlos, Lucerne, Duncans Mills, Guerneville, Dillon Beach, Noel Heights and portions of Santa Rosa)	55,700	55,500
Bear Gulch (serving portions of Menlo Park, Atherton, Woodside and Portola Valley)	18,900	18,900
Los Altos (including portions of Cupertino, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View and Sunnyvale)	19,000	18,900
Livermore	18,800	18,600
	112,400	111,900
SACRAMENTO VALLEY
Chico (including Hamilton City)	29,700	29,400
Oroville	3,600	3,600
Marysville	3,800	3,800
Dixon	2,900	2,900
Willows	2,400	2,400
	42,400	42,100
SALINAS VALLEY
Monterey Region (including Salinas and King City)	31,300	31,100
	31,300	31,100
SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY
Bakersfield	71,600	71,100
Stockton	44,000	43,800
Visalia	44,700	44,000
Selma	6,400	6,400
Kern River Valley	4,000	3,900
	170,700	169,200

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(rounded to the nearest hundred)	2017	2016
LOS ANGELES AREA
East Los Angeles	26,800	26,800
Hermosa Redondo (serving Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach and a portion of Torrance)	26,900	26,900
Dominguez (Carson and portions of Compton, Harbor City, Long Beach, Los Angeles and Torrance)	34,100	34,100
Los Angeles County Region (including Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills Estates, Rolling Hills, Fremont Valley, Lake Hughes, Lancaster and Leona Valley)	25,600	25,600
Westlake (a portion of Thousand Oaks)	7,100	7,100
Hawthorne and Commerce (leased municipal systems)	7,600	7,600
	128,100	128,100
CALIFORNIA TOTAL	484,900	482,400
HAWAII	4,500	4,400
NEW MEXICO	8,100	8,000
WASHINGTON	16,800	16,700
COMPANY TOTAL	514,300	511,500

Rates and Regulation

The Commissions have plenary powers setting both rates and operating standards. As such, the Commissions' decisions significantly impact the Company's revenues, earnings, and cash flows. The amounts discussed herein are generally annual amounts, unless otherwise stated, and the financial impact to recorded revenue is expected to occur over a 12-month period from the effective date of the decision. In California, water utilities are required to make several different types of filings. Certain filings, such as: General Rate Case (GRC) filings, escalation rate increase filings, and offset filings, may result in rate changes that generally remain in place until the next GRC. As explained below, surcharges and surcredits to recover balancing and memorandum accounts as well as GRC interim rate relief are temporary rate changes, which have specific time frames for recovery.

The CPUC follows a rate case plan, which requires Cal Water to file a GRC for each of its regulated operating districts every three years. In a GRC proceeding, the CPUC not only considers the utility's rate setting requests, but may also consider other issues that affect the utility's rates and operations. The CPUC is generally required to issue its GRC decision prior to the first day of the test year or authorize interim rates. In accordance with the rate case plan, Cal Water will file its next GRC application in July of 2018.

Between GRC filings, Cal Water may file escalation rate increases, which allow Cal Water to recover cost increases, primarily from inflation and incremental investments, during the second and third years of the rate case cycle. However, escalation rate increases are district specific and subject to an earnings test. The CPUC may reduce a district’s escalation rate increase if, in the most recent 13-month period, the earnings test reflects earnings in excess of what was authorized for that district.

In addition, California water utilities are entitled to make offset requests via advice letter. Offsets may be requested to adjust revenues for construction projects authorized in GRCs when those capital projects go into service (these filings are referred to as "rate base offsets"), or for rate changes charged to Cal Water for purchased water, purchased power, and pump taxes (which are referred to as "expense offsets"). Rate changes approved in offset requests remain in effect until the next GRC is approved.

In pursuit of the CPUC's water conservation goals, the CPUC decoupled Cal Water's revenue requirement from customer consumption levels in 2008 by authorizing a Water Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (WRAM) and Modified Cost Balancing Account (MCBA) for each district. The WRAM and MCBA ensure that Cal Water recovers revenues authorized by the CPUC regardless of customer consumption. This removes the historical disincentive against promoting lower water usage among customers. Through an annual advice letter filing, Cal Water recovers any under-collected metered revenue amounts authorized, or refunds over-collected quantity revenues, via surcharges and surcredits. The advice letters are filed between February and April of each year and address the net WRAM and MCBA balances recorded for the previous calendar year. The majority of WRAM and MCBA balances are collected or refunded through surcharges/surcredits over 12 and 18 months. The WRAM and MCBA amounts are cumulative, so if they are not amortized in a given calendar year, the balance is carried forward and included with the following year balance. Cal Water has a Sales Reconciliation Mechanism (SRM) in place for the second and

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third years of a GRC that allow the company to adjust its adopted sales forecast if actual sales vary from adopted sales by more than 5.0% in the prior year. The SRM moderates the growth of the net WRAM and MCBA balance.

Regulatory Activity - California

2015 GRC filing

On December 15, 2016, the CPUC voted to approve Cal Water's 2015 GRC settlement agreement. The approved decision, which was proposed by the presiding Administrative Law Judge in November 2016, authorizes Cal Water to increase gross revenue by approximately $45.0 million starting on January 1, 2017, up to $17.2 million in 2018, up to $16.3 million in 2019, and up to $30.0 million upon completion and approval of the Company’s advice letter projects. The 2018 and 2019 revenue increases are subject to the CPUC’s earning test protocol.

The CPUC’s decision also authorizes Cal Water to invest $658.8 million in water system improvements throughout California over the three-year period of 2016-2018 in order to continue to provide safe and reliable water to its customers. This figure includes $197.3 million of water system infrastructure improvements that will be subject to the CPUC’s advice letter procedure.

Cost of Capital Application

In April of 2017, Cal Water, along with three other water utilities, filed an application to adopt a new cost of capital and capital structure for 2018. Cal Water requested a return on equity of 10.75% and a 53.4% equity capital structure as well as a water cost of capital adjustment mechanism similar to that last adopted for the company. The California Office of Ratepayer Advocates and other parties submitted testimony and the CPUC held evidentiary hearings in September 2017.

On February 6, 2018, the CPUC issued the proposed decision of the assigned administrative law judge. The proposed decision would lower Cal Water’s authorized return on equity from 9.43% to 8.22%. If the proposed decision were adopted without changes, Cal Water would be required to reduce its rates collected from California customers by approximately $13.0 million, which will reduce Cal Water's 2018 net income and net cash provided by operating activities. A proposed decision must be approved by the full Commission to go into effect. The Commission could modify or reject the proposed decision and will first consider the matter at its meeting on March 22, 2018.

Escalation increase requests

As a part of the decision on the 2015 GRC, Cal Water was authorized to request annual escalation rate increases for 2018 for those districts that passed the earnings test. In November of 2017, Cal Water requested escalation rate increases in all of its regulated districts. The annual adopted gross revenue associated with the November 2017 filing was $15.9 million. The new rates became effective on January 1, 2018.

Expense offset requests

Expense offsets are dollar-for-dollar increases in revenue to match increased expenses, and therefore do not affect net operating income. In October of 2016, Cal Water submitted advice letters to offset increases in purchased water costs and pump taxes in four of its regulated districts, totaling $1.9 million. The new rates became effective on January 1, 2017.

In March of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter to offset increased purchased water in one of its regulated districts, totaling $1.0 million. The new rates became effective on April 15, 2017.

In June of 2017, Cal Water submitted advice letters to offset increased purchased water and pump taxes in four of its regulated districts, totaling $2.7 million. The new rates became effective on July 1, 2017.

In July of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter to offset increased purchased water and pump taxes in one of its regulated districts, totaling $0.2 million. The new rates became effective on August 1, 2017.

In October of 2017, Cal Water submitted advice letters to request offsets for increases in purchased water costs and pump taxes in five of its regulated districts totaling $2.2 million. The new rates became effective on January 1, 2018.

Rate base offset requests

For construction projects authorized in GRCs as advice letter projects, Cal Water is allowed to request rate base offsets to increase revenues after the project goes into service. In November of 2016, Cal Water submitted an advice letter to recover $2.6 million of annual revenue increase for rate base offsets in five of its regulated districts. The new rates became effective on January 1, 2017.

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In April of 2017, Cal Water submitted advice letters to recover $0.9 million of annual revenue increase for rate base offsets in two of its regulated districts. The new rates became effective on April 15, 2017.

In May of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter to recover $0.4 million of annual revenue increase for a rate base offset in one of its regulated districts. The new rates became effective on July 1, 2017.

In November of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter to recover $1.4 million of annual revenue increase for a rate base offset in one of its regulated districts. The new rates became effective on January 1, 2018.

WRAM/MCBA filings

In March of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter to true up the revenue over- and under-collections in the 2016 annual WRAMs/MCBAs of its regulated districts. A net under-collection of $25.8 million is being recovered from customers in the form of 12, 18, and greater-than-18-month surcharges/surcredits. The new rates became effective April 15, 2017. This surcharge/surcredit in some cases is in addition to surcharges/surcredits authorized in prior years which have not yet expired.

Drought Memorandum Account

The incremental costs tracked in the drought memorandum account for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2017 were $0.2 million, of which less than $0.1 million was spent on capital. For the twelve month period ended December 31, 2016, incremental costs were $5.0 million, of which $0.7 million was spent on capital.

On December 15, 2016, the CPUC approved a resolution to allow Cal Water to begin recovering $2.9 million of incremental costs related to 2015 and 2014 through a surcharge which became effective on January 1, 2017.

In 2018, Cal Water expects to submit an advice letter to request recovery of 2016 and 2017 incremental drought expenses.

1,2,3 Trichloropropane (TCP) Memorandum Account

Established in December 2009, the TCP memorandum account tracks the costs incurred and proceeds received and applied with respect to litigation against manufacturers and distributors referred to as potentially responsible parties (PRPs) that manufactured and distributed products that contained TCP in California. Cal Water incurred incremental internal and external costs to support its litigation effort. The TCP memorandum account also tracks litigation awards and settlement proceeds. Finally, the TCP memorandum account will track the application of funds received towards remediation costs, including TCP water treatment expenses and the costs of investments in replacement and treatment property.

On December 20, 2017, Cal Water entered into an $85.0 million settlement agreement and release of claims with the PRPs, in California Water Service Company and City of Bakersfield v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Civil Case No. CIV-470999 (TCP Action). The TCP Action seeks damages and other relief related to the PRPs’ alleged contamination of drinking water supply and water wells with the chemical TCP.

The proceeds from the settlement, after payment of the legal fees, was $56.0 million and will be used to reimburse a portion of the capital costs associated with Cal Water’s remediation efforts related to such alleged TCP contamination. Under the terms of the Agreement, the PRPs are released from all claims regarding 47 of the 57 total claimed wells, and Cal Water agrees to file a dismissal with prejudice of the TCP Action. The PRPs are also released from future claims regarding TCP contamination of any other wells, unless and until Cal Water has installed granular activated carbon filtration systems or other then-approved Sate treatment technology for TCP on, or replaced, 36 wells due to TCP contamination.

2018 Tax Accounting Memorandum Account (TAMA)

On December 22, 2017, the CPUC sent a letter to All Class A and B Water and Sewer Utilities on the subject of “Changes in Federal Tax Rates for 2018.” The CPUC required Cal Water to establish a memo account to track the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) has on Cal Water. The TAMA will track the revenue requirement impact of the TCJA not otherwise reflected in rates from January 1, 2018 until the effective date of the revenue requirement changes adopted in Cal Water's next GRC. The Hawaii Water, Washington Water, and New Mexico Water Commissions have similar requirements to track the impact of the changes to the federal tax law.

School Lead Testing Memorandum Account (SLT MA)

In March of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter that established the SLT MA, which gives Cal Water the opportunity to recover costs related to lead monitoring and testing required by the State Water Resources Control Board's Division of Drinking Water. The SLT MA will track all incremental expenses associated with lead testing conducted at the request of K-12 schools within Cal Water's service territory.

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Phase 1 Sites Reservoir Memorandum Account (PHASE 1 SITES MA)

In July of 2017, Cal Water submitted an advice letter that established the PHASE 1 SITES MA, which gives Cal Water the opportunity to recover costs associated with participation in phase 1 of the proposed Sites Reservoir project, an off-stream project located on the west side of the Sacramento Valley. The PHASE 1 SITES MA will track amounts paid to the Sites Reservoir Authority for Phase 1 and is capped at $1.0 million.

Travis Air Force Base

On September 29, 2016, Cal Water entered into a 50-year agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense to acquire the water distribution assets of, and to provide water utility service to, the Travis Air Force Base beginning in 2018. On May 31, 2017, Cal Water submitted an application to the CPUC seeking approval to provide water service to the base and to establish rates for its service.

The water system utilizes surface water treated at a water treatment plant and groundwater from five wells, and includes distribution piping, storage tanks, hydrants, and other appurtenances to serve about 15,280 active and reserve personnel and civilians on the 6,400-acre base. If approved, Cal Water will make initial capital improvements of about $12.7 million, with an anticipated capital investment of about $52.0 million over the 50-year term of the utility service contract.

Regulatory Activity - Other States

2016 Pukalani (Hawaii Water) GRC Filing

In December of 2016, Hawaii water filed a GRC for its Pukalani wastewater system requesting an additional $1.3 million in revenues on an annual basis. The application requested recovery for increases in operating expenses since the previous rate case as well as recovery of the balance of the cost of the wastewater treatment plant that was not approved to be included in customer rates in the previous rate case among other capital investments. On September 15, 2017, the HPUC issued a proposed decision authorizing an $0.8 million increase in revenues on an annual basis. Pursuant to a settlement agreement between Hawaii Water and the Consumer Advocate, the revenue increase will be phased-in over 4 years ($0.2 million per year). The first phase of the increase was effective on October 18, 2017.

2017 Waikoloa (Hawaii Water) GRC Filings

In December of 2017, Hawaii Water filed GRC applications requesting an additional $3.8 million in revenues on an annual basis for its Waikoloa Village and Resort Systems with the HPUC. The GRCs seek recovery of capital investments in the Waikoloa Village and Waikoloa Resort Systems as well as increases in operating expenses since the previous rate case. If approved, the Company anticipates rates would become effective in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Water Supply

Our source of supply varies among our operating districts. Certain districts obtain all of their supply from wells; some districts purchase all of their supply from wholesale suppliers; and other districts obtain supply from a combination of wells and wholesale suppliers. A small portion of supply comes from surface sources and is processed through Company-owned water treatment plants. To the best of management's knowledge, we are meeting water quality, environmental, and other regulatory standards for all Company-owned systems.

Historically, approximately 46.5% of our annual water supply is pumped from wells. State groundwater management agencies operate differently in each state. Some of our wells extract ground water from water basins under state ordinances. These are adjudicated groundwater basins, in which a court has settled the dispute between landowners or other parties over how much annual groundwater can be extracted by each party. All of our adjudicated groundwater basins are located in the State of California. Our annual groundwater extraction from adjudicated groundwater basins approximates 6.8 billion gallons or 14.4% of our total annual water supply pumped from wells. Historically, we have extracted less than 100% of our annual adjudicated groundwater rights and have the right to carry forward up to 20% of the unused amount to the next annual period. All of our remaining wells extract ground water from managed or unmanaged water basins. There are no set limits for the ground water extracted from these water basins. Our annual groundwater extraction from managed groundwater basins approximates 28.0 billion gallons or 58.9% of our total annual water supply pumped from wells. Our annual groundwater extraction from unmanaged groundwater basins approximates 12.7 billion gallons or 26.7% of our total annual water supply pumped from wells. Most of the managed groundwater basins we extract water from have groundwater recharge facilities. We are required to pay well pump taxes to financially support these groundwater recharge facilities. Our well pump taxes for the 12 months ending December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $13.9 million, $11.3 million, and $11.5 million, respectively. In 2014, the State of California enacted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014. The law and its implementing regulations will require most basins to select a sustainability agency by

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2017, develop a sustainability plan by 2022, and show progress toward sustainability by 2027. We expect that in the future, groundwater will be produced mainly from managed and adjudicated basins.

California's normal weather pattern yields little precipitation between mid-spring and mid-fall. The Washington Water service areas receive precipitation in all seasons, with the heaviest amounts during the winter. New Mexico Water's rainfall is heaviest in the summer monsoon season. Hawaii Water receives precipitation throughout the year, with the largest amounts in the winter months. Water usage in all service areas is highest during the warm and dry summers and declines in the cool winter months. Rain and snow during the winter months in California replenish underground water aquifers and fill reservoirs, providing the water supply for subsequent delivery to customers. As of December 31, 2017, the State of California snowpack water content during the 2017-2018 water year is 67% of long-term averages (per the California Department of Water Resources, Northern Sierra Precipitation Accumulation report). The northern Sierra region is the most important for the state’s urban water supplies. The central and southern portions of the Sierras also have recorded 26% and 31%, respectively, of long-term averages. In January of 2014, California's Governor Brown proclaimed a drought emergency and directed State officials to take all necessary actions to make water immediately available. On April 7, 2017, the Governor declared an end to the drought emergency in 54 of California’s 58 counties. Two of Cal Water's districts remain under a declared drought; these were areas where groundwater was impacted by five years of drought conditions. Management believes that supply pumped from underground aquifers and purchased from wholesale suppliers will be adequate to meet customer demand during 2018 and beyond. Long-term water supply plans are developed for each of our districts to help assure an adequate water supply under various operating and supply conditions. Some districts have unique challenges in meeting water quality standards, but management believes that supplies will meet current standards using current treatment processes.

The following table shows the estimated quantity of water purchased and the percentage of purchased water to total water production in each California operating district that purchased water in 2017. Other than noted below, all other districts receive 100% of their water supply from wells.



District	Water Purchased (MG)	Percentage of Total Water Production		Source of Purchased Supply
SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA/NORTH COAST
Bay Area Region*	6,731	100	%	San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and Yolo County Flood Control & Water Conservation District
Bear Gulch	3,355	90	%	San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Los Altos	2,414	64	%	Santa Clara Valley Water District
Livermore	2,031	77	%	Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Zone 7
SACRAMENTO VALLEY
Oroville	630	82	%	Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and County of Butte
SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY
Bakersfield	9,937	49	%	Kern County Water Agency and City of Bakersfield
Stockton	6,623	87	%	Stockton East Water District
LOS ANGELES AREA
East Los Angeles	1,458	32	%	Central Basin Municipal Water District
Dominguez	9,670	85	%	West Basin Municipal Water District and City of Torrance
City of Commerce	134	20	%	Central Basin Municipal Water District
Hawthorne	874	67	%	West Basin Municipal Water District
Hermosa Redondo	3,138	90	%	West Basin Municipal Water District
Los Angeles County Region**	5,791	97	%	West Basin Municipal Water District and Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency
Westlake	2,384	100	%	Calleguas Municipal Water District and Oak Park Water Service
Kern River Valley	44	17	%	City of Bakersfield

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MG = million gallons

* Bay Area Region includes Bayshore and Redwood Valley

** Los Angeles County Region includes Palos Verdes and Antelope Valley

The Bear Gulch district obtains a portion of its water supply from surface runoff from the local watershed. The Oroville district in the Sacramento Valley, the Bakersfield district in the San Joaquin Valley, and the Kern River Valley district in the Los Angeles Area purchase water from a surface supply. Surface sources are processed through our water treatment plants before being delivered to the distribution system. The Bakersfield district also purchases treated water as a component of its water supply.

The Chico, Marysville, Dixon, and Willows districts in the Sacramento Valley, the Monterey Region district in the Salinas Valley, and the Selma and Visalia districts in the San Joaquin Valley obtain their entire supply from wells.

Purchases for the Los Altos, Livermore, Oroville, Redwood Valley, Stockton, and Bakersfield districts are pursuant to long-term contracts expiring on various dates after 2017. The water supplies purchased for the Dominguez, East Los Angeles, Hermosa Redondo, Palos Verdes, and Westlake districts as well as the Hawthorne and Commerce systems are provided by public agencies pursuant to a statutory obligation of continued non-preferential service to purveyors within the agencies' boundaries. Purchases for the Bayshore and Bear Gulch districts are in accordance with long-term contracts with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) until June 30, 2034.

Management anticipates water supply contracts will be renewed as they expire though the price of wholesale water purchases is subject to pricing changes imposed by the various wholesalers.

Shown below are wholesaler price rates and increases that became effective in 2017 and estimated wholesaler price rates and percent changes for 2018. In 2017, several districts experienced purchased water rate increases, resulting in the filing of several purchased water offsets.

2017

2018

Effective

Month

Percent

Change

Effective

Month

Percent

Change

District

Unit Cost

Antelope

January

$521.00 /af

7.4

January

$560.00 /af

7.5

Bakersfield(1)

July

$165.00 /af

0.6

July

$165.00 /af

—

Bear Gulch

July

$4.10 /ccf

—

July

$4.10 /ccf

—

Commerce(2)

July

$1,092.00 /af

5.8

January

$1,128.00 /af

3.3

Dominguez(2)

July

$1,332.00 /af

3.8

January

$1,354.00 /af

1.7

East Los Angeles(2)

July

$1,092.00 /af

5.8

January

$1,128.00 /af

3.3

Hawthorne(2)

July

$1,332.00 /af

3.8

January

$1,354.00 /af

1.7

Hermosa Redondo(2)

July

$1,332.00 /af

3.8

January

$1,354.00 /af

1.7

Livermore

January

$2.55 /ccf

(19.0

January

$2.04 /ccf

(20.0

Los Altos

July

$1,275.00 /af

8.8

July

$1,275.00 /af

—

Oroville(2)

April

$174,959.04 /yr

2.7

April

$174,959.04 /yr

—

Palos Verdes(2)

July

$1,332.00 /af

3.8

January

$1,354.00 /af

1.7

Mid-Peninsula

July

$4.10 /ccf

—

July

$4.10 /ccf

—

Redwood Valley

April

$65.94 /af

—

April

$65.94 /af

—

South San Francisco

July

$4.10 /ccf

—

July

$4.10 /ccf

—

Stockton

April

$1,066,831.31 /mo

(0.4

April

$1,066,831.31 /mo

—

Westlake

January

$1,300.00 /af

3.4

January

$1,375.00 /af

5.8

_______________________________________________________________________________

af = acre foot;

ccf = hundred cubic feet;

yr = fixed annual cost;

mo = fixed monthly cost

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(1)	untreated water


(2)	wholesaler price changes occur every six months

We work with all local suppliers and agencies responsible for water supply to insure adequate, long-term supply for each system.

See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Water Supply" for more information on adequacy of supplies.

Seasonal Fluctuations

In California, our customers' consumption pattern of water varies with the weather, in terms of rainfall and temperature. In the WRAM and MCBA design, the CPUC considers the historical pattern in determining the adopted sales and production costs. With a majority of our sales being subject to the WRAM and production costs being covered by the MCBA, fluctuations in financial results have been minimized. However, cash flows from operations and short-term borrowings on our credit facilities can be significantly impacted by seasonal fluctuations including recovery of the WRAM and MCBA.

Our water business is seasonal in nature. Weather conditions can have a material effect on customer usage. Customer demand for water generally is lower during the cooler and rainy winter months. Demand increases in the spring when warmer weather returns and the rains end, and customer use more water for outdoor purposes, such as landscape irrigation. Warm temperatures during the generally dry summer months result in increased demand. Water usage declines during the fall as temperatures decrease and the rainy season begins. During years in which precipitation is especially heavy or extends beyond the spring into the early summer, customer demand can decrease from historic normal levels, generally due to reduced outdoor water usage. Likewise, an early start to the rainy season during the fall can cause a decline in customer usage. As a result, seasonality of water usage has a significant impact on our cash flows from operations and borrowing on our short-term facilities.

Utility Plant Construction

We have continually extended, enlarged, and replaced our facilities as required to meet increasing demands and to maintain the water systems. We obtain construction financing using funds from operations, short-term bank borrowings, long-term financing, advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction that are funded by developers. Advances for construction are cash deposits from developers for construction of water facilities or water facilities deeded from developers. These advances are generally refundable without interest over a period of 40 years in equal annual payment amounts. Contributions in aid of construction consist of nonrefundable cash deposits or facilities transferred from developers, primarily for fire protection and relocation projects. We cannot control the amounts received from developers. This amount fluctuates from year-to-year as the level of construction activity carried on by developers varies. This activity is impacted by the demand for housing, commercial development, and general business conditions, including interest rates.

See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional information.

Energy Reliability

We continue to use power efficiently to minimize the power expenses passed on to our customers, and maintain backup power systems to continue water service to our customers if the power companies' supplies are interrupted. Many of our well sites are equipped with emergency electric generators designed to produce electricity to keep the wells operating during power outages. Storage tanks also provide customers with water during blackout periods.

Impact of Climate Change Legislation

Our operations depend on power provided by other public utilities and, in emergencies, power generated by our portable and fixed generators. If future legislation limits emissions from the power generation process, our cost of power may increase. Any increase in the cost of power will be passed along to our California customers through the MCBA or included in our cost of service paid by our customers as requested in our GRC filings.

We maintain a fleet of vehicles to provide service to our customers, including a number of heavy duty diesel vehicles that were retrofitted to meet California emission standards. If future legislation further impacts the cost to operate the fleet or the fleet acquisition cost in order to meet certain emission standards, it will increase our cost of service and our rate base. Any increase in fleet operating costs associated with meeting emission standards will be included in our cost of service paid by our customers as requested in our GRC filings. While recovery of these costs is not guaranteed, we would expect recovery in the regulatory process.

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Under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), all capital projects of a certain type (primarily wells, tanks, major pipelines and treatment facilities) require mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The cost to prepare the CEQA documentation and permit will be included in our capital cost and added to our rate base, which will be requested to be paid for by our customers. Any increase in the operating cost of the facilities will also be included in our cost of service paid by our customers as requested in our GRC filings. While recovery of these costs is not guaranteed, we would expect recovery in the regulatory process.

Cap and trade regulations were implemented in 2012 with the goal of reducing emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. These regulations have not impacted water utilities at this time. In the future, if we are required to comply with these regulations, any increase in operating costs associated with meeting these standards will be included in our cost of service paid by our customers as requested in our GRC filings. While recovery of these costs is not guaranteed, we would expect recovery in the regulatory process.

Security at Company Facilities

Due to terrorism and other risks, we have heightened security at our facilities and have taken added precautions to protect our employees and the water delivered to customers. In 2002, federal legislation was enacted that resulted in new regulations concerning security of water facilities, including submitting vulnerability assessment studies to the federal government. We have complied with regulations issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pursuant to federal legislation concerning vulnerability assessments and have made filings to the EPA as required. In addition, communication plans have been developed as a component of our procedures. While we do not make public comments on our security programs, we have been in contact with federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to coordinate and improve our water delivery systems' security.

Quality of Water Supply

Our operating practices are designed to produce potable water in accordance with accepted water utility practices. Water entering the distribution systems from surface sources is treated in compliance with federal and state Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) standards. Most well supplies are chlorinated or chloraminated for disinfection. Water samples from each water system are analyzed on a regular, scheduled basis in compliance with regulatory requirements. We operate a state-certified water quality laboratory at the San Jose General Office that provides testing for most of our California operations. Certain tests in California are contracted with independent certified labs qualified under the Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program. Local independent state certified labs provide water sample testing for the Washington, New Mexico and Hawaii operations.

In recent years, federal and state water quality regulations have resulted in increased water sampling requirements. The SDWA continues to be amended to address public health concerns. We monitor water quality standard changes and upgrade our treatment capabilities to maintain compliance with the various regulations.

Competition and Condemnation

Our principal operations are regulated by the Commission of each state. Under state laws, no privately owned public utility may compete within any service territory that we already serve without first obtaining a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the applicable Commission. Issuance of such a certificate would only be made upon finding that our service is deficient. To management's knowledge, no application to provide service to an area served by us has been made.

State law provides that whenever a public agency constructs facilities to extend a utility system into the service area of a privately owned public utility, such an act constitutes the taking of property and requires reimbursement to the utility for its loss. State statutes allow municipalities, water districts and other public agencies to own and operate water systems. These agencies are empowered to condemn properties already operated by privately owned public utilities. The agencies are also authorized to issue bonds, including revenue bonds, for the purpose of acquiring or constructing water systems. However, if a public agency were to acquire utility property by eminent domain action, the utility would be entitled to just compensation for its loss. In Washington, annexation was approved in February 2008 for property served by us on Orcas Island; however, we continue to serve the customers in the annexed area and do not expect the annexation to impact our operations. To management's knowledge, other than the Orcas Island property, no municipality, water district, or other public agency is contemplating or has any action pending to acquire or condemn any of our systems.

Environmental Matters

Our operations are subject to environmental regulation by various governmental authorities. Environmental health and safety programs have been designed to provide compliance with water discharge regulations, underground and aboveground fuel storage tank regulations, hazardous materials management plans, hazardous waste regulations, air quality permitting requirements,

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wastewater discharge limitations and employee safety issues related to hazardous materials. Also, we actively investigate alternative technologies for meeting environmental regulations and continue the traditional practices of meeting environmental regulations.

For a description of the material effects that compliance with environmental regulations may have on us, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment." We expect environmental regulation to increase, resulting in higher operating costs in the future, and there can be no assurance that the Commissions would approve rate increases to enable us to recover these additional compliance costs.

Employees

At December 31, 2017, we had 1,176 employees, including 50 at Washington Water, 41 at Hawaii Water, and 17 at New Mexico Water. In California, most non-supervisory employees are represented by the Utility Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO, except certain engineering and laboratory employees who are represented by the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, AFL-CIO.

At December 31, 2017, we had 750 union employees. In January 2015, we negotiated a six-year contract that included 2015, 2016, and 2017 wage increases with both of our unions of 3.25% and 2.75%, and 2.75%, respectively. Annual wage increases for 2018, 2019, and 2020 are estimated to be in the range from 2.5% to 3.25% based on current forecast inflation rates. The wage changes will fluctuate with the changes to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the Los Angeles area. In the event an annual wage increase is determined to be greater than 3.25% or less that 2.0%, either party may request to re-open negotiations for wages only. Such notice must be served on the other party no later than 60 days after the publication of such CPI data. The current agreement with the unions is effective through 2020. Management believes that it maintains good relationships with the unions.

Employees at Washington Water, New Mexico Water, and Hawaii Water are not represented by unions.

Executive Officers of the Registrant



Name	Positions and Offices with California Water Service Group	Age
Martin A. Kropelnicki (1)	President and Chief Executive Officer since September 1, 2013. Formerly, President and Chief Operating Officer (2012-2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (2006-2012), served as Chief Financial Officer of Power Light Corporation (2005-2006), Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Corporate Services of Hall Kinion and Associates (1997-2004), Deloitte & Touche Consulting (1996-1997), held various positions with Pacific Gas & Electric (1989-1996).	51
Thomas F. Smegal III (2)	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since October 1, 2012. Formerly, Vice President, Regulatory Matters and Corporate Relations (2008-2012), Manager of Rates (2002-2008), Regulatory Analyst (1997-2002), served as Utilities Engineer at the California Public Utilities Commission (1990-1997).	50
Paul G. Townsley (2)	Vice President of Rates and Regulatory Matters since March 4, 2013. Formerly Divisional Vice President, Operations and Engineering for EPCOR Water USA (2012-2013), served as President of American Water Works Company subsidiaries in Arizona, New Mexico, and Hawaii (2007-2012), served as American Water Works Company's President, Western Region (2002-2007), held various other positions with Citizens Utilities Company (1982-2002).	60
Robert J. Kuta (2)	Vice President of Engineering effective April 15, 2015. Formerly Senior Vice President of Operations Management Services, Water, Environmental and Nuclear markets for CH2M Hill (2006 to 2015), served as Western Region Vice President of Service Delivery and President of Arizona American Water Company (2001 to 2005), and held various management positions at Citizens Water Resource Company, Chaparral City Water Company, and Spring Creek Utilities (1993 to 2001).	53
Michael B. Luu (2)	Vice President of Customer Service and Chief Information Officer effective January 1, 2017. Formerly Vice President of Customer Service and Information Technology (2013-2016), Acting California Water Service Company District Manager, Los Altos (2012-2013), Director of Information Technology (2008-2012), CIS Development Manager (2005-2008), held various other positions with California Water Service Company since 1999.	38
Timothy D. Treloar (2)	Vice President of Water Quality and Chief Utility Operations Officer effective January 1, 2017. Formerly Vice President of Operations and Water Quality (2013-2016), Director of Water Quality (2013), California Water Service Company District Manager, Bakersfield (2002-2013), Assistant District Manager (1997-2002), General Superintendent (1994-1997).	60

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Name	Positions and Offices with California Water Service Group	Age
Ronald D. Webb (2)	Vice President of Human Resources since August 11, 2014. Formerly Managing Director, Human Resources Partner for United Airlines (2006-2014), served as Vice President of Human Resources for Black & Decker Corporation (1995-2005), Human Resource Manager for General Electric Company (1990-1994), and held various labor relations positions for National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (1982-1989).	61
Lynne P. McGhee (2)	Vice President and General Counsel since January 1, 2015. Formerly Corporate Secretary (2007-2014), Associate Corporate Counsel (2003-2014), and served as a Commissioner legal advisor and staff counsel at the California Public Utilities Commission (1998-2003).	53
David B. Healey (2)	Vice President, Corporate Controller and Assistant Treasurer since January 1, 2015. Formerly Corporate Controller and Assistant Treasurer (2012-2014), Director of Financial Reporting (2009-2012), served as Subsidiary Controller for SunPower Corporation (2005-2009), Corporate Controller for Hall, Kinion & Associates, Inc. (1997-2005), held various other positions with Pacific Gas & Electric Company (1985-1997).	61
Shannon C. Dean (2)	Vice President of Corporate Communications & Community Affairs since January 1, 2015. Formerly Director of Corporate Communications (2000-2014), held various corporate communications, government and community relations for Dominguez Water Company (1991-1999).	50
Michelle R. Mortensen (2)	Corporate Secretary since January 1, 2015. Formerly Assistant Corporate Secretary (2014), Treasury Manager (2012-2013), Assistant to the Chief Financial Officer (2011), Regulatory Accounting Manager (2008-2010), held various accounting positions at Piller Data Systems (2006-2007), Hitachi Global Storage (2005), Abbot Laboratories (1998-2004), and Symantec (1998-2001).	43
Elissa Y. Ouyang (2)	Chief Procurement and Lead Continuous Improvement Officer since March 1, 2016. Formerly, Interim Procurement Director (2013-2016), Acting District Manager - Los Altos (2013), Interim Vice President of Information Technology (2012-2013), Director of Information Technology - Architecture and Security (2008-2012), Business Application Manager (2003-2007), Project Lead/Senior Developer (2001-2003), held various business consulting positions at KPMG Consulting/BearingPoint (1998-2001), and RR Donnelley (1996-1998).	49
Gerald A. Simon (2)	Chief Safety and Emergency Preparedness Officer since March 1, 2016. Formerly, Director of Safety and Emergency Services (2015), Emergency Services Manager (2014), Emergency Services Coordinator (2013), served as Fire Chief for Oakland, CA (2008-2011) and (1999-2004), Fire Chief for Fort Lauderdale, FL (2006-2007), Fire Chief for Union City, CA (2005-2006), Fire Chief for Santa Clara, CA (1993-1999) held various other positions at Santa Clara Fire Department (1976-1999), and Fire Services Consultant (1985-2015).	63

_______________________________________________________________________________


(1)	Holds the same position with California Water Service Company, CWS Utility Services, Hawaii Water Service Company, Inc., and New Mexico Water Service Company; Chief Executive Officer of Washington Water Service Company.


(2)	Holds the same position with California Water Service Company, CWS Utility Services, Hawaii Water Service Company, Inc., New Mexico Water Service Company, and Washington Water Service Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

If any of the following risks actually occur, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment

Our business is heavily regulated by state and federal regulatory agencies and our financial viability depends upon our ability to recover costs from our customers through rates that must be approved by state public utility commissions.

California Water Service Company, New Mexico Water Service Company, Washington Water Service Company and Hawaii Water Service Company, Inc., are regulated public utilities which provide water and water-related service to our customers. The rates that we charge our water customers are subject to the jurisdiction of the regulatory commissions in the states in which we operate. These Commissions may set water and water-related rates for each operating district independently because the systems are not interconnected. The Commissions authorize us to charge rates that they consider to be sufficient to recover normal operating

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expenses, to provide funds for adding new or replacing water infrastructure, and to allow us to earn what the Commissions consider to be a fair and reasonable return on invested capital.

Our revenues and consequently our ability to meet our financial objectives are dependent upon the rates we are authorized to charge our customers by the Commissions and our ability to recover our costs in these rates. Our management uses forecasts, models and estimates in order to set rates that will provide a fair and reasonable return on our invested capital. While our rates must be approved by the Commissions, no assurance can be given that our forecasts, models and estimates will be correct or that the Commissions will agree with our forecasts, models and estimates. If our rates are set too low, our revenues may be insufficient to cover our operating expenses, capital expenditure requirements and desired dividend levels.

We periodically file rate increase applications with the Commissions. The ensuing administrative and hearing process may be lengthy and costly. The decisions of the Commissions are beyond our control and we can provide no assurances that our rate increase requests will be granted by the Commissions. Even if approved, there is no guarantee that approval will be given in a timely manner or at a sufficient level to cover our expenses and provide a reasonable return on our investment. If the rate increase decisions are delayed, our earnings may be adversely affected.

Our evaluation of the probability of recovery of regulatory assets is subject to adjustment by regulatory agencies and any such adjustment could adversely affect our results of operations.

Regulatory decisions may also impact prospective revenues and earnings, affect the timing of the recognition of revenues and expenses and may overturn past decisions used in determining our revenues and expenses. Our management continually evaluates the anticipated recovery of regulatory assets and revenues subject to refund and provides for allowances and/or reserves as deemed necessary. Current accounting procedures allow us to defer certain costs if we believe it is probable that we will be allowed to recover those costs through future rate increases. If the Commissions determined that a portion of our assets were not recoverable in customer rates, we may suffer an asset impairment which would require a write down in such asset's valuation which would be recorded through operations.

If our assessment as to the probability of recovery through the ratemaking process is incorrect, the associated regulatory asset would be adjusted to reflect the change in our assessment or any regulatory disallowances. A change in our evaluation of the probability of recovery of regulatory assets or a regulatory disallowance of all or a portion of our cost could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Regulatory agencies may disagree with our valuation and characterization of certain of our assets.

If we determine that assets are no longer used or useful for utility operations, we may remove them from our rate base and subsequently sell those assets. If the Commissions disagree with our characterization, we could be subjected to penalties. Furthermore, there is a risk that the Commissions could determine that realized appreciation in property value should be awarded to customers rather than our stockholders.

Changes in laws, rules and policies of regulatory agencies can significantly affect our business.

Regulatory agencies may change their rules and policies for various reasons, including changes in the local political environment. In some states, regulators are elected by popular vote or are appointed by elected officials, and the results of elections may change the long-established rules and policies of an agency dramatically. For example, in 2001 regulation regarding recovery of increases in electrical rates changed in California. For over 20 years prior to 2001, the CPUC allowed recovery of electric rate increases under its operating rules. However, in 2003, the CPUC reinstated its policy to allow utilities to adjust their rates for rate changes by the power companies. The original decision by the CPUC to change its policy, as well as its subsequent decision to reinstate that policy, affected our business.

We rely on policies and regulations promulgated by the various state commissions in order to recover capital expenditures, maintain favorable treatment on gains from the sale of real property, offset certain production and operating costs, recover the cost of debt, maintain an optimal equity structure without over-leveraging, and have financial and operational flexibility to engage in non-regulated operations. If any of the Commissions with jurisdiction over us implements policies and regulations that do not allow us to accomplish some or all of the items listed above, our future operating results may be adversely affected.

In addition, legislatures may repeal, relax or tighten existing laws, or enact new laws that impact the regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over our business or affect our business directly. If changes in existing laws or the implementation of new laws limit our ability to accomplish some of our business objectives, our future operating results may be adversely affected.

We expect environmental health and safety regulation to increase, resulting in higher operating costs in the future.

Our water and wastewater services are governed by various federal and state environmental protection, health and safety laws and regulations. These provisions establish criteria for drinking water and for discharges of water, wastewater and airborne

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substances. The EPA promulgates numerous nationally applicable standards, including maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water. We believe we are currently in compliance with all of the MCLs promulgated to date. Although we have a rigorous water quality assurance program in place, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to comply with all standards. If we violate any federal or state regulations or laws governing health and safety, we could be subject to substantial fines or otherwise sanctioned.

Environmental health and safety laws are complex and change frequently. They tend to become more stringent over time. As new or stricter standards are introduced, they could increase our operating costs. Although we would likely seek permission to recover these costs through rate increases, we can give no assurance that the Commissions would approve rate increases to enable us to recover these additional compliance costs.

We are required to test our water quality for certain chemicals and potential contaminants on a regular basis. If the test results indicate that our water exceeds allowable limits, we may be required either to commence treatment to remove the contaminant or to develop an alternate water source. Either of these results may be costly. Although we would likely seek permission to recover these through rate increases, there can be no assurance that the Commissions would approve rate increases to enable us to recover these additional compliance costs.

New and/or more stringent water quality regulations could increase our operating costs.

We are subject to water quality standards set by federal, state and local authorities that have the power to issue new regulations. Compliance with new regulations that are more stringent than current regulations could increase our operating costs.

On July 1, 2014, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) changed the water quality standard for chromium-6 in our water supply. The new standard requires us to have 10 parts per billion or less of chromium-6 in our California water supply. The CPUC authorized a memorandum account in 2014 to track all costs associated with compliance with the new chromium-6 standard. Although we would likely seek permission to recover additional costs of compliance through rate increases, we can give no assurance that the CPUC would approve rate increases to enable us to recover these additional compliance costs.

Legislation regarding climate change may impact our operations.

Future legislation regarding climate change may restrict our operations or impose new costs on our business. Our operations depend on power provided by other public utilities and, in emergencies, power generated by our portable and fixed generators. If future legislation limits emissions from the power generation process, our cost of power may increase. Any increase in the cost of power will be passed along to our California customers through the MCBA or included in our cost of service paid by our customers as requested in our GRC filings. While recovery of these costs is not guaranteed, we would expect recovery in the regulatory process.

Starting January 1, 2010, under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), all capital projects of a certain type (primarily wells, tanks, major pipelines and treatment facilities) will require mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The cost to prepare the CEQA documentation and permit will add an estimated ten thousand dollars to such capital projects. This cost will be included in our capital cost and added to our rate base, which will be requested to be paid for by our customers. Any increase in the operating cost of the facilities will also be included in our cost of service paid by our customers as requested in our GRC filings. While recovery of these costs is not guaranteed, we would expect recovery in the regulatory process.

Cap and trade regulations were implemented in 2012 with the goal of reducing emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. While recovery of these costs is not guaranteed, we would expect recovery in the regulatory process.

We are party to a toxic contamination lawsuit which could result in us paying damages not covered by insurance.

We have been and may be in the future, party to water contamination lawsuits, which may not be fully covered by insurance.

The number of environmental and product-related lawsuits against other water utilities have increased in frequency in recent years. If we are subject to additional environmental or product-related lawsuits, we might incur significant legal costs and it is uncertain whether we would be able to recover the legal costs from customers or other third parties. In addition, if current California law regarding CPUC's preemptive jurisdiction over regulated public utilities for claims about compliance with California Department of Health Services and United States EPA water quality standards changes, our legal exposure may be significantly increased.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations

Wastewater operations entail significant risks.

While wastewater collection and treatment is not presently a major component of our revenues, wastewater collection and treatment involve many risks associated with damage to the surrounding environment. If collection or treatment systems fail or do not operate properly, untreated or partially treated wastewater could discharge onto property or into nearby streams and rivers,

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causing property damage or injury to aquatic life, or even human life. Liabilities resulting from such damage could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Demand for our water is subject to various factors and is affected by seasonal fluctuations.

Demand for our water during the warmer, dry months is generally greater than during cooler or rainy months due primarily to additional requirements for water in connection with irrigation systems, swimming pools, cooling systems and other outside water use. Throughout the year, and particularly during typically warmer months, demand will vary with temperature and rainfall levels. If temperatures during the typically warmer months are cooler than normal, or if there is more rainfall than normal, the demand for our water may decrease. Under the WRAM mechanism, lower water usage in our California operations impacts our cash flows in the year of usage, but results in higher cash flows in the following years.

In addition, governmental restrictions on water usage during drought conditions may result in a decreased demand for our water, even if our water reserves are sufficient to serve our customers during these drought conditions. The Commissions may not allow surcharges to collect lost revenues caused by customers' conservation during a drought. Regardless of whether we may surcharge our customers during a conservation period, they may use less water even after a drought has passed because of conservation patterns developed during the drought. Furthermore, our customers may wish to use recycled water as a substitute for potable water. If rights are granted to others to serve our customers recycled water, there will likely be a decrease in demand for our water.

Finally, changes in prevailing weather patterns due to climate change may affect customer demand. If increased ambient temperatures affect our service areas, water used for irrigation and cooling may increase. If rainfall patterns change, our customers may change their patterns of water use including the amount of outdoor irrigation and the type of landscape they install. Government agencies may also mandate changes to customer irrigation or landscape patterns in response to changes in weather and climate.

The adequacy of our water supplies depends upon a variety of factors beyond our control. Interruption in the water supply may adversely affect our earnings.

We depend on an adequate water supply to meet the present and future needs of our customers. Whether we have an adequate supply varies depending upon a variety of factors, many of which are partially or completely beyond our control, including:


•	the amount of rainfall;


•	the amount of water stored in reservoirs;


•	underground water supply from which well water is pumped;


•	availability from water wholesalers;


•	changes in the amount of water used by our customers;


•	water quality;


•	legal limitations on water use such as rationing restrictions during a drought;


•	changes in prevailing weather patterns and climate; and


•	population growth.

We purchase our water supply from various governmental agencies and others. Water supply availability may be affected by weather conditions, funding and other political and environmental considerations. In addition, our ability to use surface water is subject to regulations regarding water quality and volume limitations. If new regulations are imposed or existing regulations are changed or given new interpretations, the availability of surface water may be materially reduced. A reduction in surface water could result in the need to procure more costly water from other sources, thereby increasing our water production costs and adversely affecting our operating results if not recovered in rates on a timely basis.

There is strong scientific consensus that human activity including carbon emissions is changing the chemical and thermodynamic characteristics of the atmosphere and the earth's overall climate. Because scientific efforts have been global in nature, and because climate modeling has not yet been predictive on a local scale, there is tremendous uncertainty over the timing, extent, and types of impacts global climate change may have in our service areas. In addition, studies of tree ring data show long periods of drought conditions have occurred in the historical record in California but prior to our operation. Thus, we include potential climate change risks in our water supply planning activities. We also periodically review the climate change plans of our wholesalers to determine whether alternative supplies may be necessary in the future. However, we can give no assurance that replacement water supplies will be available at a reasonable cost or a cost acceptable to our customers and Commissions.

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We have entered into long-term water supply agreements, which commit us to making certain minimum payments whether or not we purchase any water. Therefore, if demand is insufficient to use our required purchases we would have to pay for water we did not receive.

From time to time, we enter into water supply agreements with third parties and our business is dependent upon such agreements in order to meet regional demand. For example, we have entered into a water supply contract with the SFPUC that expires on June 30, 2034. We can give no assurance that the SFPUC, or any of the other parties from whom we purchase water, will renew our contracts upon expiration, or that we will not be subject to significant price increases under any such renewed contracts.

The parties from whom we purchase water maintain significant infrastructure and systems to deliver water to us. Maintenance of these facilities is beyond our control. If these facilities are not adequately maintained or if these parties otherwise default on their obligations to supply water to us, we may not have adequate water supplies to meet our customers' needs.

If we are unable to access adequate water supplies we may be unable to satisfy all customer demand, which could result in rationing. Rationing may have an adverse effect on cash flow from operations. We can make no guarantee that we will always have access to an adequate supply of water that will meet all required quality standards. Water shortages may affect us in a variety of ways. For example, shortages could:


•	adversely affect our supply mix by causing us to rely on more expensive purchased water;


•	adversely affect operating costs;


•	increase the risk of contamination to our systems due to our inability to maintain sufficient pressure; and


•	increase capital expenditures for building pipelines to connect to alternative sources of supply, new wells to replace those that are no longer in service or are otherwise inadequate to meet the needs of our customers and reservoirs and other facilities to conserve or reclaim water.

We may or may not be able to recover increased operating and construction costs on a timely basis, or at all, for our regulated systems through the ratemaking process. Although we can give no assurance, we may be able to recover certain of these costs from third parties that may be responsible, or potentially responsible, for groundwater contamination.

Changes in water supply costs impact our operations.

The cost to obtain water for delivery to our customers varies depending on the sources of supply, wholesale suppliers' prices, the quality of water required to be treated and the quantity of water produced to fulfill customer water demand. Our source of supply varies among our operating districts. Certain districts obtain all of their supply from wells; some districts purchase all of the supply from wholesale suppliers; and other districts obtain the supply from a combination of wells and wholesale suppliers. A small portion of supply comes from surface sources and is processed through Company-owned water treatment plants. On average, slightly more than half of the water we deliver to our customers is pumped from wells or received from a surface supply with the remainder purchased from wholesale suppliers. Water purchased from suppliers usually costs us more than surface supplied or well pumped water. The cost of purchased water for delivery to customers represented 34.8% and 34.0% of our total operating costs in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Water purchased from suppliers will require renewal of our contracts upon expiration and may result in significant price increases under any such renewed contracts.

Wholesale water suppliers may increase their prices for water delivered to us based on factors that affect their operating costs. Purchased water rate increases are beyond our control. In California, effective July 1, 2008, our ability to recover increases in the cost of purchased water changed with the adoption of the MCBA. With this change, actual purchased water costs are compared to authorized purchased water costs, with variances netted against the variances in purchased power, pump tax, and metered revenue, being recorded to revenue. The balance in the MCBA will be collected in the future by billing the net WRAM and MCBA accounts receivable balances over 12, 18, and 18+ month periods, which may have a short-term negative impact on cash flow.

Dependency upon adequate supply of electricity and certain chemicals could adversely affect our results of operations.

Purchased electrical power is required to operate the wells and pumps needed to supply water to our customers. Although there are back-up power generators to operate a number of wells and pumps in emergencies, an extended interruption in power could impact the ability to supply water. In the past, California has been subject to rolling power blackouts due to insufficient power supplies. There is no assurance we will not be subject to power blackouts in the future. Additionally, we require sufficient amounts of certain chemicals in order to treat the water we supply. There are multiple sources for these chemicals but an extended interruption of supply could adversely affect our ability to adequately treat our water.

Purchased power is a significant operating expense. During 2017 and 2016, purchased power expense represented 5.0% and 5.1%, respectively, of our total operating costs. These costs are beyond our control and can change unpredictably and substantially

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as occurred in California during 2001 when rates paid for electricity increased 48%. As with purchased water, purchased power costs are included in the MCBA. Cash flows between rate filings may be adversely affected until the Commission authorizes a rate change, but earnings will be minimally impacted. Cost of chemicals used in the delivery of water is not an element of the MCBA, and therefore, variances in quantity or cost could impact the results of operations.

Our business requires significant capital expenditures to replace or improve aging infrastructure that are dependent on our ability to secure appropriate funding. If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital or if the rates at which we borrow increase, there would be a negative impact on our results of operations.

The water utility business is capital-intensive. We invest significant funds to replace or improve aging infrastructure such as property, plant and equipment. In addition, water shortages may adversely affect us by causing us to rely on more purchased water. This could cause increases in capital expenditures needed to build pipelines to secure alternative water sources. In addition, we require capital to grow our business through acquisitions. We fund our short-term capital requirements from cash received from operations and funds received from developers. We also borrow funds from banks under short-term bank lending arrangements. We seek to meet our long-term capital needs by raising equity through common or preferred stock issues or issuing debt obligations. We cannot give any assurance that these sources will continue to be adequate or that the cost of funds will remain at levels permitting us to earn a reasonable rate of return. In the event we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, our expansion efforts could be curtailed, which may affect our growth and may affect our future results of operations.

Our ability to access the capital markets is affected by the ratings of certain of our debt securities. Standard & Poor's Rating Agency issues a rating on California Water Service Company's ability to repay certain debt obligations. The credit rating agency could downgrade our credit rating based on reviews of our financial performance and projections or upon the occurrence of other events that could impact our business outlook. Lower ratings by the agency could restrict our ability to access equity and debt capital. We can give no assurance that the rating agency will maintain ratings which allow us to borrow under advantageous conditions and at reasonable interest rates. A future downgrade by the agency could also increase our cost of capital by causing potential investors to require a higher interest rate due to a perceived risk related to our ability to repay outstanding debt obligations.

While the majority of our debt is long term at fixed rates, we do have interest rate exposure in our short-term borrowings which have variable interest rates. We are also subject to interest rate risks on new financings. However, if interest rates were to increase on a long-term basis, our management believes that customer rates would increase accordingly, subject to approval by the appropriate commission. We can give no assurance that the Commission would approve such an increase in customer rates.

We are obligated to comply with specified debt covenants under certain of our loan and debt agreements. Failure to maintain compliance with these covenants could limit future borrowing, and we could face increased borrowing costs, litigation, acceleration of maturity schedules, and cross default issues. Such actions by our creditors could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our inability to access the capital or financial markets could affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs at reasonable cost and our ability to meet long-term commitments. Changes in economic conditions in our markets could affect our customers' ability to pay for water services. Any of these could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

We rely on our current credit facilities to fund short-term liquidity needs if internal funds are not available from operations. Specifically, given the seasonal fluctuations in demand for our water we commonly draw on our credit facilities to meet our cash requirements at times in the year when demand is relatively low. We also may occasionally use letters of credit issued under our revolving credit facilities. Disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our ability to draw on our credit facilities. Our access to funds under our credit facilities is dependent on the ability of our banks to meet their funding commitments.

Many of our customers and suppliers also have exposure to risks that could affect their ability to meet payment and supply commitments. We operate in geographic areas that may be particularly susceptible to declines in the price of real property, which could result in significant declines in demand for our products and services. In the event that any of our significant customers or suppliers, or a significant number of smaller customers and suppliers, are adversely affected by these risks, we may face disruptions in supply, significant reductions in demand for our products and services, inability of customers to pay invoices when due, and other adverse effects that could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Our operations and certain contracts for water distribution and treatment depend on the financial capability of state and local governments, and other municipal entities such as water districts. Major disruptions in the financial strength or operations of such entities, such as liquidity limitations, bankruptcy or insolvency, could have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and/or enforce our rights under contracts to which such entities are a party.

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We are a holding company that depends on cash flow from our subsidiaries to meet our obligations and to pay dividends on our common stock.

As a holding company, we conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries and our only significant assets are investments in those subsidiaries. 93.9% of our revenues are derived from the operations of California Water Service Company. As a result, we are dependent on cash flow from our subsidiaries, and California Water Service Company in particular, to meet our obligations and to pay dividends on our common stock.

Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and generally have no obligation to pay any amounts due on California Water Service Group's debt or to provide California Water Service Group with funds for dividends. Although there are no contractual or regulatory restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to us, the reasonableness of our capital structure is one of the factors considered by state and local regulatory agencies in their ratemaking determinations. Therefore, transfer of funds from our subsidiaries to us for the payment of our obligations or dividends may have an adverse effect on ratemaking determinations. Furthermore, our right to receive cash or other assets upon the liquidation or reorganization of a subsidiary is generally subject to the prior claims of creditors of that subsidiary. If we are unable to obtain funds from our subsidiaries in a timely manner, we may be unable to meet our obligations or pay dividends.

We can make dividend payments only from our surplus (the excess, if any, of our net assets over total paid-in capital) or if there is no surplus, the net profits for the current fiscal year or the fiscal year before which the dividend is declared. In addition, we can pay cash dividends only if after paying those dividends we would be able to pay our liabilities as they become due. Owners of our capital stock cannot force us to pay dividends and dividends will only be paid if and when declared by our board of directors. Our board of directors can elect at any time, and for an indefinite duration, not to declare dividends on our capital stock.

An important element of our growth strategy is the acquisition of water and wastewater systems. Risks associated with potential acquisitions, divestitures or restructurings may adversely affect us.

We may seek to acquire or invest in other companies, technologies, services or products that complement our business. The execution of our growth strategy may expose us to different risks than those associated with our utility operations. We can give no assurance that we will succeed in finding attractive acquisition candidates or investments, or that we would be able to reach mutually agreeable terms with such parties. In addition, as consolidation becomes more prevalent in the water and wastewater industries, the prices for suitable acquisition candidates may increase to unacceptable levels and limit our ability to grow through acquisitions. If we are unable to find acquisition candidates or investments, our ability to grow may be limited.

Acquisition and investment transactions may result in the issuance of our equity securities that could be dilutive if the acquisition or business opportunity does not develop in accordance with our business plan. They may also result in significant write-offs and an increase in our debt. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any of these transactions could involve numerous additional risks, including one or more of the following:


•	problems integrating the acquired operations, personnel, technologies or products with our existing businesses and products;


•	liabilities inherited from the acquired companies' prior business operations;


•	diversion of management time and attention from our core business to the acquired business;


•	failure to retain key technical, management, sales and other personnel of the acquired business;


•	difficulty in retaining relationships with suppliers and customers of the acquired business; and


•	difficulty in getting required regulatory approvals.

In addition, the businesses and other assets we acquire may not achieve the sales and profitability expected. The occurrence of one or more of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in overcoming these or any other significant risks encountered.

We may not be able to increase or sustain our recent growth rate, and we may not be able to manage our future growth effectively.

We may be unable to continue to expand our business or manage future growth. To successfully manage our growth and handle the responsibilities of being a public company, we must effectively:


•	hire, train, integrate and manage additional qualified engineers for engineering design and construction activities, new business personnel, and financial and information technology personnel;

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•	retain key management, augment our management team, and retain qualified and certified water and wastewater system operators;


•	implement and improve additional and existing administrative, financial and operations systems, procedures and controls;


•	expand our technological capabilities; and


•	manage multiple relationships with our customers, regulators, suppliers and other third parties.

If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, satisfy customer requirements, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures.

We have a number of large-volume commercial and industrial customers and a significant decrease in consumption by one or more of these customers could have an adverse effect on our operating results and cash flows.

Our billed revenues and cash flows from operations will decrease if a significant business or industrial customer terminates or materially reduces its use of our water. Approximately $161.7 million, or 24.3%, of our 2017 water utility revenues was derived from business and industrial customers. However, if any of our large business or industrial customers in California reduce or cease its consumption of our water, the impact to net operating income would be minimal to our operations due to the WRAM and MCBA, but could impact our cash flows. In Hawaii, we serve a number of large resorts which if their water usage was reduced or ceased could have a material impact to our Hawaii operation. The delay between such date and the effective date of the rate relief may be significant and could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

Our operating cost and costs of providing services may rise faster than our revenues.

Our ability to increase rates over time is dependent upon approval of such rate increases by the Commissions, or in the case of the City of Hawthorne and the City of Commerce, the City Council, which may be inclined, for political or other reasons, to limit rate increases. However, our costs, which are subject to market conditions and other factors, may increase significantly. The second largest component of our operating costs after water production is made up of salaries and wages. These costs are affected by the local supply and demand for qualified labor. Other large components of our costs are general insurance, workers compensation insurance, employee benefits and health insurance costs. These costs may increase disproportionately to rate increases authorized by the Commissions and may have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations.

Demand for our stock may fluctuate due to circumstances beyond our control.

We believe that stockholders invest in public utility stocks, in part, because they seek reliable dividend payments. If there is an over-supply of stock of public utilities in the market relative to demand by such investors, the trading price of our securities could decrease. Additionally, if interest rates rise above the dividend yield offered by our equity securities, demand for our stock, and consequently its market price, may also decrease. A decline in demand for our stock may have a negative impact on our ability to finance capital projects.

Adverse investment returns and other factors may increase our pension liability and pension funding requirements.

A substantial number of our employees are covered by a defined benefit pension plan. At present, the pension plan is underfunded because our projected pension benefit obligation exceeds the aggregate fair value of plan assets. Under applicable law, we are required to make cash contributions to the extent necessary to comply with minimum funding levels imposed by regulatory requirements. The amount of such required cash contribution is based on an actuarial valuation of the plan. The funded status of the plan can be affected by investment returns on plan assets, discount rates, mortality rates of plan participants, pension reform legislation and a number of other factors. There can be no assurance that the value of our pension plan assets will be sufficient to cover future liabilities. Although we have made contributions to our pension plan in recent years, it is possible that we could incur a pension liability adjustment, or could be required to make additional cash contributions to our pension plan, which would reduce the cash available for business and other needs.

Labor relations matters could adversely affect our operating results.

At December 31, 2017, 750 of our 1,176 total employees were union employees. Most of our unionized employees are represented by the Utility Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO, except certain engineering and laboratory employees who are represented by the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, AFL-CIO.

We believe our labor relations are good, but in light of rising costs for health care and pensions, contract negotiations in the future may be difficult. Furthermore, changes in applicable law or regulations could have an adverse effect on management's negotiating position with respect to our currently unionized employees and/or employees that decide to unionize in the future. We are subject to a risk of work stoppages and other labor relations matters as we negotiate with the unions to address these issues,

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which could affect our results of operations and financial condition. We can give no assurance that issues with our labor forces will be resolved favorably to us in the future or that we will not experience work stoppages.

We depend significantly on the services of the members of our management team, and the departure of any of those persons could cause our operating results to suffer.

Our success depends significantly on the continued individual and collective contributions of our management team. The loss of the services of any member of our management team could have an adverse effect on our business as our management team has knowledge of our industry and customers and would be difficult to replace.

Our operations are geographically concentrated in California and this lack of diversification may negatively impact our operations.

Although we own facilities in a number of states, over 93.9% of our operations are located in California. As a result, we are largely subject to weather, political, water supply, labor, energy cost, regulatory and economic risks affecting California.

We are also affected by the real property market in California. In order to grow our business, we may need to acquire additional real estate or rights to use real property owned by third parties, the cost of which tends to be higher and more volatile in California than in other states. The value of our assets in California may decline if there is a decline in the California real estate market which results in a significant decrease in real property values.

The effects of natural disasters, terrorist activity, pandemics, or poor water quality or contamination to our water supply may result in disruption in our services and litigation which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We operate in areas that are prone to earthquakes, fires, mudslides and other natural disasters. A significant seismic event or other natural disaster in California where our operations are concentrated could adversely impact our ability to deliver water and adversely affect our costs of operations. A major disaster could damage or destroy substantial capital assets. The CPUC has historically allowed utilities to establish a catastrophic event memorandum account as another possible mechanism to recover costs. However, we can give no assurance that the CPUC or any other commission would allow any such cost recovery mechanism in the future.

Our water supplies are subject to contamination, including contamination from the development of naturally-occurring compounds, chemicals in groundwater systems, pollution resulting from man-made sources, such as MTBE, sea water incursion and possible terrorist attacks. If our water supply is contaminated, we may have to interrupt the use of that water supply until we are able to substitute the flow of water from an uncontaminated water source. In addition, we may incur significant costs in order to treat the contaminated source through expansion of our current treatment facilities, or development of new treatment methods. If we are unable to substitute water supply from an uncontaminated water source, or to adequately treat the contaminated water source in a cost-effective manner, there may be an adverse effect on our revenues, operating results and financial condition. The costs we incur to decontaminate a water source or an underground water system could be significant and may not be recoverable in rates. We could also be held liable for consequences arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances in our water supplies or other environmental damage. For example, private plaintiffs have the right to bring personal injury or other toxic tort claims arising from the presence of hazardous substances in our drinking water supplies. Our insurance policies may not be sufficient to cover the costs of these claims.

We operate a dam. If the dam were to fail for any reason, we would lose a water supply and flooding likely would occur. Whether or not we were responsible for the dam's failure, we could be sued. We can give no assurance that we would be able to successfully defend such a suit.

In light of the threats to the nation's health and security ensuing in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, we have taken steps to increase security measures at our facilities and heighten employee awareness of threats to our water supply. We have also tightened our security measures regarding the delivery and handling of certain chemicals used in our business. We have and will continue to bear increased costs for security precautions to protect our facilities, operations and supplies. These costs may be significant. Despite these tightened security measures, we may not be in a position to control the outcome of terrorist events should they occur.

We depend upon our skilled and trained workforce to ensure water delivery. Were a pandemic to occur, we can give no assurance that we would be able to maintain sufficient manpower to ensure uninterrupted service in all of the districts that we serve.

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We retain certain risks not covered by our insurance policies.

We evaluate our risks and insurance coverage annually. Our evaluation considers the costs, risks and benefits of retaining versus insuring various risks as well as the availability of certain types of insurance coverage. Furthermore, we are also affected by increases in prices for insurance coverage; in particular, we have been, and will continue to be, affected by rising health insurance costs. Retained risks are associated with deductible limits, partial self-insurance programs and insurance policy coverage ceilings. If we suffer an uninsured loss, we may be unable to pass all, or any portion, of the loss on to customers because our rates are regulated by regulatory commissions. Consequently, uninsured losses may negatively affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will not face uninsured losses pertaining to the risks we have retained.

We rely on our information technology ("IT") and a number of complex business systems to assist with the management of our business and customer and supplier relationships, and a disruption of these systems could adversely affect our business.

Our IT systems are an integral part of our business, and a serious disruption of our IT systems could significantly limit our ability to manage and operate our business efficiently, which, in turn, could cause our business and competitive position to suffer and adversely affect our results of operations. We depend on our IT systems to bill customers, process orders, provide customer service, manage construction projects, manage our financial records, track assets, remotely monitor certain of our plants and facilities and manage human resources, inventory and accounts receivable collections. Our IT systems also enable us to purchase products from our suppliers and bill customers on a timely basis, maintain cost-effective operations and provide service to our customers. Some of our mission and business critical IT systems are older, such as our SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system. Although we do not believe that our IT systems are at a materially greater risk of cyber security incidents than other similar organizations, our IT systems remain vulnerable to damage or interruption from:


•	power loss, computer systems failures, and internet, telecommunications or data network failures;


•	operator negligence or improper operation by, or supervision of, employees;


•	physical and electronic loss of customer data due to security breaches, cyber attacks, misappropriation and similar events;


•	computer viruses;


•	intentional security breaches, hacking, denial of services actions, misappropriation of data and similar events; and


•	earthquakes, floods, fires, mudslides and other natural disasters.

These events may result in physical and/or electronic loss of customer or financial data, security breaches, misappropriation and other adverse consequences. In addition, the lack of redundancy for certain of our IT systems, including billing systems, could exacerbate the impact of any of these events on us.

In addition, we may not be successful in developing or acquiring technology that is competitive and responsive to the needs of our business, and we might lack sufficient resources to make the necessary upgrades or replacements of our outdated existing technology to allow us to continue to operate at our current level of efficiency.

The accuracy of our judgments and estimates about financial and accounting matters will impact our operating results and financial condition.

We make certain estimates and judgments in preparing our financial statements regarding, among others:


•	the useful life of intangible rights;


•	the number of years to depreciate certain assets;


•	amounts to set aside for uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory obsolescence and uninsured losses;


•	our legal exposure and the appropriate accrual for claims, including medical claims and workers' compensation claims;


•	future costs and assumptions for pensions and other postretirement benefits;


•	regulatory recovery of regulatory assets;


•	possible tax uncertainties; and


•	projected collections of WRAM and MCBA receivables.

The quality and accuracy of those estimates and judgments will have an impact on our operating results and financial condition.

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In addition, we must estimate unbilled revenues and costs as of the end of each accounting period. If our estimates are not accurate, we will be required to make an adjustment in a future period. Accounting rules permit us to use expense balancing accounts and memorandum accounts that include cost changes to us that are different from amounts incorporated into the rates approved by the Commissions. These accounts result in expenses and revenues being recognized in periods other than in which they occurred.

Municipalities, water districts and other public agencies may condemn our property by eminent domain action.

State statutes allow municipalities, water districts and other public agencies to own and operate water systems. These agencies are empowered to condemn water systems or real property owned by privately owned public utilities in certain circumstances and in compliance with California and federal law. Additionally, whenever a public agency constructs facilities to extend its utility system into the service area of a privately owned public utility, such an act may constitute the taking of property and require reimbursement to the public utility for its loss. If a public agency were to file an eminent domain lawsuit against us, we would incur substantial attorney’s fees, consultant and expert fees and other costs in considering a challenge to the right to take our utility property and/or its valuation for just compensation, as well as such fees and costs in any subsequent litigation if necessary. If the public agency prevailed and acquired our utility property, we would be entitled to just compensation for our loss, but we would no longer have access to the condemned property or water system. Neither would we be entitled to any portion of revenue generated from the use of such asset going forward.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

Our physical properties consist of offices and water facilities to accomplish the production, storage, treatment, and distribution of water. These properties are located in or near the geographic service areas listed above in Item 1, "Business—Geographical Service Areas and Number of Customer Connections at Year-end." Our headquarters, which houses accounting, engineering, information systems, human resources, purchasing, regulatory, water quality, and executive staff, is located in San Jose, California.

The real properties owned are held in fee simple title. Properties owned by Cal Water are subject to the lien of an Indenture of Mortgage and Deed of Trust dated March 16, 2016, October 13, 2015, November 17, 2010, and April 17, 2009 (the California Indenture), securing Cal Water's First Mortgage Bonds, of which $521.4 million was outstanding at December 31, 2017. The California Indenture contains certain restrictions common to such types of instruments regarding the disposition of property and includes various covenants and restrictions. At December 31, 2017, our California utility was in compliance with the covenants of the California Indenture.

Cal Water owns 602 wells and operates ten leased wells. There are 444 owned storage tanks with a capacity of 278 million gallons, two leased storage tanks with a capacity of 0.4 million gallons, 30 managed storage tanks with a capacity of 32.4 million gallons, and three surface water reservoirs with a capacity of 220 million gallons. Cal Water owns and operates six surface water treatment plants with a combined capacity of 46 million gallons per day. There are 5,834 miles of supply and distribution mains in the various systems.

Hawaii Water owns 22 wells and manages two irrigation wells. There are 24 storage tanks with a storage capacity of 20.1 million gallons. There are 70 miles of supply and distribution lines. Hawaii Water operates five wastewater treatment facilities with a combined capacity to process approximately 1.8 million gallons per day. There are 26 miles of sewer collection mains.

Washington Water owns 350 wells and manages 57 wells. There are 137 owned storage tanks and 18 managed storage tanks with a storage capacity of 9.5 million gallons. There are 405 miles of supply and distribution lines.

New Mexico Water owns 19 wells. There are 17 storage tanks with a storage capacity of 4.3 million gallons. There are 145 miles of supply and distribution lines. New Mexico operates two waste water treatment facilities with a combined capacity to process 0.6 million gallons per day. There are 34 miles of sewer collection mains.

Washington Water has long-term bank loans that are secured primarily by utility plant owned by Washington Water.

In the leased City of Hawthorne and City of Commerce systems or in systems that are operated under contract for municipalities or private companies, title to the various properties is held exclusively by the municipality or private company.

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Information with respect to this item may be found under the subheading "Commitments and Contingencies" in Note 14 to the consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CWT." At December 31, 2017, there were 48,012,432 common shares outstanding. There were 1,934 common stockholders of record as of February 12, 2018.

During 2017, we paid a cash dividend of $0.7200 per common share, or $0.1800 per quarter. During 2016, we paid a cash dividend of $0.6900 per common share, or $0.1725 per quarter. On January 31, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.1875 per common share payable on February 23, 2018, to stockholders of record on February 12, 2018. This represents our 51st consecutive year of increasing the annual dividend and marks the 292nd consecutive quarterly dividend.

We presently intend to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future consistent with past practices, subject to our earnings and financial condition, restrictions set forth in our debt instruments, regulatory requirements and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

During 2017 and 2016, the common stock market price range and dividends per share for each quarter were as follows:



2017	First		Second		Third		Fourth
Common stock market price range:
High	$	37.60	$	39.40	$	39.65	$	46.15
Low	32.45		32.75		36.30		38.15
Dividends paid per common share	0.1800		0.1800		0.1800		0.1800



2016	First		Second		Third		Fourth
Common stock market price range:
High	$	27.33	$	34.95	$	35.62	$	36.85
Low	22.48		26.22		29.93		29.25
Dividends paid per common share	0.1725		0.1725		0.1725		0.1725

Five-Year Performance Graph

The following performance graph compares the changes in the cumulative shareholder return on California Water Service Group's common stock with the cumulative total return on the Robert W. Baird Water Utility Index and the Standard & Poor's 500 Index during the last five years ended December 31, 2017. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2012, in California Water Service Group's common stock and in each of the forgoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends.

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Performance Graph Data

The following descriptive data is supplied in accordance with Rule 304(d) of Regulations S-T:



	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
California Water Service Group	100	131	147	143	211	284
S&P 500	100	134	155	157	175	212
RW Baird Water Utility Index	100	119	148	168	206	260

An initial $100 investment in the common stock of California Water Service Group on December 31, 2012 including reinvestment of dividends would be worth $284 at the end of the 5-year period ending December 31, 2017.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto and the information contained in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.

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FIVE YEAR FINANCIAL REVIEW



	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
	(Dollars in thousands, except per common share and other data)
Summary of Operations
Operating revenue
Residential	$	480,229		$	439,668		$	416,102		$	406,322		$	406,824
Business	132,309			123,395			116,639			111,438			111,529
Industrial	29,417			28,086			31,725			24,957			26,290
Public authorities	37,716			33,604			26,042			30,810			31,067
Other	20,578			19,148			18,094			16,766			17,553
MCBA net adjustment to increase (decrease) revenue	(33,359		)	(34,531		)	(20,234		)	7,206			(9,160		)
Total operating revenue	666,890			609,370			588,368			597,499			584,103
Total operating expenses	572,267			533,176			517,215			515,652			510,098
Interest expense, other income and expenses, net	27,442			27,519			26,136			25,109			26,751
Net income	$	67,181		$	48,675		$	45,017		$	56,738		$	47,254
Common Share Data
Earnings per share—diluted	$	1.40		$	1.01		$	0.94		$	1.19		$	1.02
Dividend paid	0.720			0.690			0.670			0.650			0.640
Dividend payout ratio	51		%	68		%	71		%	55		%	63		%
Book value per share	$	14.44		$	13.75		$	13.41		$	13.11		$	12.54
Market price at year-end	45.35			33.90			23.27			24.61			23.07
Common shares outstanding at year-end (in thousands)	48,012			47,965			47,875			47,806			47,741
Return on average common stockholders' equity	9.9		%	7.5		%	7.1		%	9.3		%	8.8		%
Long-term debt interest coverage	4.28			3.45			3.67			4.29			3.42
Balance Sheet Data
Net utility plant	$	2,047,965		$	1,859,277		$	1,701,768		$	1,590,431		$	1,515,831
Total assets*	2,740,375			2,411,745			2,241,253			2,182,711			1,954,741
Long-term debt including current portion*	531,713			557,953			514,045			421,200			428,936
Capitalization ratios:
Common stockholders' equity*	56.6		%	54.2		%	55.5		%	59.8		%	58.3		%
Long-term debt*	43.4		%	45.8		%	44.5		%	40.2		%	41.7		%
Other Data
Estimated water production (million gallons)
Wells and surface supply	53,855			50,942			51,413			61,848			64,161
Purchased	51,131			48,154			47,486			56,434			62,202
Total estimated water production	104,986			99,096			98,899			118,282			126,363
Metered customers	490,100			485,200			477,300			472,500			464,800
Flat-rate customers	24,200			26,300			31,700			33,600			38,100
Customers at year-end**	514,300			511,500			509,000			506,100			502,900
New customers added	2,800			2,500			2,900			3,200			2,200
Revenue per customer	$	1,297		$	1,191		$	1,156		$	1,181		$	1,161
Utility plant per customer	5,775			5,312			4,925			4,628			4,401
Employees at year-end	1,176			1,163			1,155			1,105			1,125

_______________________________________________________________________________

* The five year financial review for 2015, 2014, and 2013 reflect the retrospective adoption of ASU 2015-03, which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016.

** Includes customers of the City of Hawthorne and City of Commerce

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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Overview

In 2017 and 2016, net income was $67.2 million and $48.7 million, respectively. Diluted earnings per share increased $0.39 to $1.40 or 38.6% from 2016 to 2017. The $18.5 million increase in net income was primarily the result of increased rates adopted in the recent California GRC, a decrease in other operations expense, which included a GRC settlement agreement to write-off $3.2 million associated with a canceled water supply project in Bakersfield in 2016, and a $2.5 million increase in estimated unbilled revenue in 2017. These decreases were partially offset by increases in depreciation and amortization, employee wage, property tax, and net interest expenses. Net other income increased $3.5 million to $6.5 million in 2017, due primarily to the authorization of allowance for equity funds used during construction and unrealized gains on certain benefit plan investments.

In 2016 and 2015, net income was $48.7 million and $45.0 million, respectively. Diluted earnings per share increased $0.07 to $1.01 or 7.5% from 2015 to 2016. The $3.7 million increase in net income was primarily a result of a $2.8 million net resolution of several regulatory memorandum and balancing accounts in the Cal Water 2015 GRC settlement agreement, a $1.9 million increase from the recovery of prior years’ incremental drought program costs, and a $1.7 million increase in estimated unbilled revenue in 2016. These increases were partially offset by increases in other operations expense, which included a GRC settlement agreement to write-off $3.2 million associated with a canceled water supply project in Bakersfield, increases in depreciation and amortization, maintenance, property tax, employee wage, and net interest expenses. Net other income increased $1.9 million to $3.0 million in 2016, due primarily to the resolution of $1.5 million of litigation proceeds in the GRC settlement agreement and unrealized gains on certain benefit plan investments.

We plan to continue to seek rate relief to recover our operating cost increases and receive reasonable returns on invested capital. We expect to fund our long-term capital needs through a combination of debt, common stock offerings, and cash flow from operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We maintain our accounting records in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and as directed by the Commissions to which our operations are subject. The process of preparing financial statements requires the use of estimates on the part of management. The estimates used by management are based on historic experience and an understanding of current facts and circumstances. A summary of our significant accounting policies is listed in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following sections describe those policies where the level of subjectivity, judgment, and variability of estimates could have a material impact on the financial condition, operating performance, and cash flows of the business.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue generally includes monthly cycle customer billings for regulated water and wastewater services at rates authorized by the Commissions (plus an estimate for water used between the customer's last meter reading and the end of the accounting period) and billings to certain non-regulated customers at rates authorized by contract with government agencies.

The Company's regulated water and waste water revenue requirements are authorized by the Commissions in the states in which we operate. The revenue requirements are intended to provide the Company a reasonable opportunity to recover its cost of service and earn a return on investments.

For metered customers, Cal Water recognizes revenue from rates which are designed and authorized by the CPUC. Under the WRAM, Cal Water records the adopted level of volumetric revenues, which would include recovery of cost of service and a return on investments as established by the CPUC for metered accounts. The adopted volumetric revenue considers the seasonality of consumption of water based upon historical averages. The variance between adopted volumetric revenues and actual billed volumetric revenues for metered accounts is recorded as a component of revenue with an offsetting entry to a regulatory asset or liability balancing account (tracked individually for each Cal Water district) subject to certain criteria under the accounting for regulated operations. The variance amount represents amounts that will be billed or refunded to customers in the future. In addition to volumetric revenues, the revenue requirements approved by the CPUC include service charges, flat rate charges, and other items not subject to the WRAM.

Cost-recovery rates are designed to permit full recovery of certain costs allowed to be recovered by the Commissions. Cost-recovery rates such as the MCBA provides for recovery of adopted expense levels for purchased water, purchased power and pump taxes, as established by the CPUC. In addition, cost-recovery rates include recovery of cost related to water conservation programs and certain other operating expenses adopted by the CPUC. Variances (which include the effects of changes in both rate and volume for the MCBA) between adopted and actual costs are recorded as a component of revenue, as the amount of such variances will

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be recovered from or refunded to our customers at a later date. Cost-recovery expenses are generally recognized when the expenses are incurred with no markup for return or profit.

The balances in the WRAM and MCBA assets and liabilities accounts will fluctuate on a monthly basis depending upon the variance between adopted and actual results. The recovery or refund of the WRAM is netted against the MCBA over- or under-recovery for the corresponding district and the deferred net balances are interest bearing at the current 90-day commercial paper rate. At the end of the calendar year, Cal Water files with the CPUC to refund or collect the balance in the accounts. The majority of under-collected net WRAM and MCBA receivable balances are collected over 12 and 18 months. Cal Water defers any net WRAM and MCBA revenues and associated costs whenever the net receivable balances are estimated to be collected more than 24 months after the respective reporting period in which it was recorded. The deferred net WRAM and MCBA revenue and associated costs were determined using forecasts of customer consumption trends in future reporting periods and the timing of when the CPUC will authorize Cal Water's filings to recover unbilled balances. Deferred revenues and associated costs are recorded in the periods when the collection is within 24 months of the respective reporting period.

Customers' meter reads occur on various business days throughout the month. As a result, there are unmetered or unbilled customer usage each month. The estimated unbilled revenue for monthly unmetered customer usage is recorded using the number of unbilled days for that month and average daily customer billing rate for the previous month. The average daily customer billing rate for the previous month fluctuates depending on customer usage. Estimated unbilled revenue is not included in the WRAM until it is billed.

Flat rate customers are billed in advance at the beginning of the service period. The revenue is prorated so that the portion of revenue applicable to the current period is included in that period's revenue, with the balance recorded as unearned revenue on the balance sheet and recognized as revenue when earned in the subsequent accounting period. Our unearned revenue liability was $0.7 million as of December 31, 2017 and was $0.8 million as of December 31, 2016. This liability is included in "other accrued liabilities" on our consolidated balance sheets.

Regulated Utility Accounting

Because we operate almost exclusively in a regulated business, we are subject to the accounting standards for regulated utilities. The Commissions in the states in which we operate establish rates that are designed to permit the recovery of the cost of service and a return on investment. We capitalize and record regulatory assets for costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if it is probable that the incurred costs will be recovered in future rates. Regulatory assets are amortized over the future periods that the costs are expected to be recovered. If costs expected to be incurred in the future are currently being recovered through rates, we record those expected future costs as regulatory liabilities. In addition, we record regulatory liabilities when the Commissions require a refund to be made to our customers over future periods.

Determining probability requires significant judgment by management and includes, but is not limited to, consideration of testimony presented in regulatory hearings, proposed regulatory decisions, final regulatory orders, and the strength or status of applications for rehearing or state court appeals.

If we determine that a portion of our assets used in utility operations is not recoverable in customer rates, we would be required to recognize the loss of the assets disallowed.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize the effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate in the period that includes the enactment date. We also assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered in future taxable income and, to the extent recovery is not probable, a valuation allowance would be recorded. In management's view, a valuation allowance was not required as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

We anticipate that future rate actions by the regulatory commissions will reflect revenue requirements for the tax effects of temporary differences recognized, which have previously been passed through to customers. The regulatory commissions have granted the Company permission to reflect the normalization of the tax benefits of the federal accelerated methods and available Investment Tax Credits (ITCs) for all assets placed in service after 1980. ITCs are deferred and amortized over the lives of the related properties for book purposes. The CPUC requires flow through accounting for state deferred taxes.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was enacted. Based on the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the Company is required to re-measure deferred income taxes to reflect the corporate

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income tax rate change from 35 percent to 21 percent as of the date of enactment. The re-measurement of the deferred income taxes resulted in an estimated excess deferred income tax liability of $108.0 million as of December 31, 2017. The TCJA will lower customer rates due to lower income tax expense recoveries and the refund of excess deferred income tax. These lower customer rates will be partially offset by the TCJA’s effect of increasing rate base in future years. The Company is working with state regulators on the refund process according to federal income tax normalization rules. There are aspects to the TCJA that contain technical matters that require management to interpret the legislation and make judgments until further guidance becomes available. As a result, changes in management’s judgments could materially affect amounts recognized in the financial statements.

Pension and Postretirement Health Care Benefits

We incur costs associated with our pension and postretirement health care benefits plans. To measure the expense of these benefits, our management must estimate compensation increases, mortality rates, future health cost increases and discount rates used to value related liabilities and to determine appropriate funding. Different estimates used by our management could result in significant variances in the cost recognized for pension and postretirement health care benefit plans. The estimates used are based on historical experience, current facts, future expectations, and recommendations from independent advisors and actuaries. We use an investment advisor to provide advice in managing the plan's investments. We anticipate any increases in funding for the pension benefits plans will be recovered in future rate filings, thereby mitigating the financial impact. We believe it is probable that future costs will be recovered in future rates and therefore have recorded a regulatory asset in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Changes to the pension benefits actuarial assumptions can significantly affect pension costs, regulatory assets, and liabilities. The following table reflects the sensitivity of pension amounts reported for the year ended December 31, 2017, to changes in actuarial assumptions:



	Increase/(Decrease) in Pension Benefits Actuarial Assumption		Increase/(Decrease) in 2017 Net Periodic Benefit Cost			Increase/(Decrease) in Projected Benefit Obligation as of December 31, 2017
Discount rate	(0.5	)%	$	6,722		$	70,501
Long-term rate of return on plan assets	(0.5	)%	1,855			—
Rate of compensation increases	(0.5	)%	(2,831		)	(18,590		)
Cost of living adjustment	(0.5	)%	(5,281		)	(42,479		)
Discount rate	0.5	%	(5,904		)	(61,150		)
Long-term rate of return on plan assets	0.5	%	(1,855		)	—
Rate of compensation increases	0.5	%	3,078			19,929

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Results of Operations

Operating Revenue

Operating revenue in 2017 was $666.9 million, an increase of $57.5 million, or 9.4%, over 2016. Operating revenue in 2016 was $609.4 million, an increase of $21.0 million, or 3.6%, over 2015. The sources of changes in operating revenue were:



	2017			2016
	Dollars in millions
Net change due to rate changes, usage, and other (1)	$	65.0		$	38.2
MCBA revenue (2)	1.2			(14.3		)
Other balancing account revenue (3)	(6.5		)	(7.5		)
Deferral of revenue (4)	(2.2		)	4.6
Net change	$	57.5		$	21.0

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)

In 2017, the operating revenue increase is due to rate increases (see table in Rates and Regulation section below) and an increase of $2.5 million in estimated unbilled revenue mostly due to a combination of higher average daily customer billing rates and an increase in unbilled days at the end of 2017 as compared to 2016. The operating revenue increase in 2016 resulted from rate increases and an increase of $2.6 million in estimated unbilled revenue mostly due an increase in unbilled days at the end of 2016 as compared to 2015.

(2)

The MCBA revenue increase in 2017 resulted from an increase in actual water production costs relative to adopted water production costs in 2017 as compared to 2016. The MCBA revenue decrease in 2016 resulted from a significant reduction in customer consumption in California caused by drought conditions. As required by the MCBA mechanism, the change in water production costs in California changes operating revenue in the same amount.

(3)

The other balancing accounts revenue consists of the pension, conservation and health care balancing account revenues. Pension and conservation balancing account revenues are the differences between actual expenses and adopted rate recovery. Health care balancing account revenue is 85% of the difference between actual health care expenses and adopted rate recovery. In 2017, the decrease in other balancing account revenue was due to a decrease in actual health care and conservation expenses relative to adopted in 2017, which was partially offset by an increase in actual pension expenses relative to adopted in 2017. In 2016, the decrease in revenue was due to a decrease in pension expense and a decrease in health care expenses relative to adopted amounts.

(4)

The deferral of revenue consists of amounts that are expected to be collected from customers beyond 24 months following the end of the accounting period in which these revenues were recorded. In 2017, the deferral increased in 2017 as compared to 2016 due to an increase in the balancing account revenue expected to be collected beyond 24 months. In 2016, the balancing account revenue expected to be collected beyond 24 months decreased as a result of drought surcharges.

Water Production Expenses

Water production expenses, which consist of purchased water, purchased power, and pump taxes, comprise the largest segment of total operating expenses. Water production costs accounted for 42.3% and 41.3%, of total operating costs in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The rates charged for wholesale water supplies, electricity, and pump taxes are established by various public agencies. As such, these rates are beyond our control.

The table below provides the change in water production expenses during the past 2 years:



	2017						2016
	Amount		Change		% Change		Amount		Change			% Change
	Dollars in millions
Purchased water	$	199.1	$	17.6	9.7	%	$	181.5	$	13.0		7.7	%
Purchased power	28.9		1.7		6.2	%	27.2		(0.7		)	(2.5	)%
Pump taxes	13.9		2.6		23.2	%	11.3		(0.2		)	(1.7	)%
Total water production expenses	$	241.9	$	21.9	9.9	%	$	220.0	$	12.1		5.8	%

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The principal factors affecting water production expenses are the quantity, price and source of the water. Generally, water pumped from wells costs less than water purchased from wholesale suppliers.

The table below provides the amounts, percentage change, and source mix for the respective years:



	2017				2016				2015
	MG		% of Total		MG		% of Total		MG		% of Total
	Millions of gallons (MG)
Source:
Wells	48,729		46.4	%	46,239		46.6	%	48,201		48.7	%
% change from prior year	5.4	%			(4.1	)%			(16.7	)%
Purchased	51,131		48.7	%	48,154		48.6	%	47,486		48	%
% change from prior year	6.2	%			1.4	%			(15.9	)%
Surface	5,126		4.9	%	4,703		4.8	%	3,212		3.3	%
% change from prior year	9.0	%			46.4	%			(19.3	)%
Total	104,986		100.0	%	99,096		100.0	%	98,899		100	%
% change from prior year	6.0	%			0.2	%			(16.4	)%

Purchased water expenses are affected by changes in quantities purchased, supplier prices, and cost differences between wholesale suppliers. The MCBA mechanism is designed to recover all incurred purchased water expenses.

For 2017, the $17.6 million increase in purchased water expenses is due to a 6.2% increase in purchased quantities and an overall blended wholesale water rates increase of 3.3% in 2017.

For 2016, the $13.0 million increase in purchased water expenses is due to a 1.4% increase in purchased quantities and an overall blended wholesale water rates increase of 6.2% in 2016. Purchased water expenses for 2016 was partially offset by lease water rights credits of $0.4 million.

Purchased power expenses are affected by the quantity of water pumped from wells and moved through the distribution system, rates charged by electric utility companies, and rate structures applied to usage during peak and non-peak times of the day or season. In 2017, purchased power expenses increased $1.7 million, or 6.2%, mainly due to 5.4% increase in well water production. In 2016, purchased power expenses decreased $0.7 million, or 2.5%, mainly due to 4.1% decrease in well water production.

Changes in climate change regulations could increase the cost of purchased power expenses which in turn would result in an increase in the rates our power suppliers charge us. Any change in pricing of our purchased power expenses in California would be recovered from our customers through the MCBA mechanism. Any change in power costs in other states would be requested to be recovered by the customers in those states. The impact of such legislation, is dependent upon the enacted date, the factors that impact our suppliers cost structure, and their ability to pass the costs to us in their approved tariffs. These items are not known at this time.

Administrative and General Expenses

Administrative and general expenses include payroll related to administrative and general functions, all employee benefits charged to expense accounts, insurance expenses, legal fees, expenses associated with being a public company, and general corporate expenses.

During 2017, administrative and general expenses increased $4.4 million or 4.5%, as compared to 2016. The increase was mostly due to increases in uninsured loss costs of $1.5 million, employee wages of $1.8 million, and employee pension and other postretirement benefit costs of $0.7 million. Employee pension benefit expenses are fully recovered in rates and are tracked in a balancing account, such that revenues are recovered on a dollar-for-dollar basis up to the amounts authorized in the 2015 GRC. Employee and retiree medical expenses are recovered in rates through a balancing account authorized in the 2015 GRC, such that revenues are recovered up to 85% of the variance between adopted and recorded expenses.

During 2016, administrative and general expenses decreased $14.6 million or 12.9%, as compared to 2015. The decrease was mostly due to decreases in employee pension and other postretirement benefit costs of $10.2 million, a decrease in California drought program costs of $3.0 million, and a decrease in uninsured loss costs of $0.9 million. The decreases were partially offset by employee wage increases of $1.1 million. Wage increases became effective January 1, 2016. Employee pension benefit expenses are fully recovered in rates and are tracked in a balancing account, such that revenues are recovered on a dollar-for-dollar basis

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up to the amounts authorized in the 2012 GRC. Employee and retiree medical expenses are recovered in rates through a balancing account authorized in the 2012 GRC, such that revenues are recovered up to 85% of the variance between adopted and recorded expenses.

Other Operations Expenses

The components of other operations expenses include payroll, material and supplies, and contract service costs of operating the regulated water systems, including the costs associated with water transmission and distribution, pumping, water quality, meter reading, billing, operations of district offices, and water conservation programs.

During 2017, other operations expenses decreased $5.6 million, or 7.0%, compared to 2016. The decrease was mostly due to conservation program expense decreases of $4.3 million, the write-off of $3.2 million of capital costs in 2016, and $2.0 million of MCBA cost deferral associated with the deferral of operating revenue. The decreases were partially offset by employee wage increases of $1.3 million, the write-off of $1.1 million of costs in 2017 that were previously capitalized, state of Department of Public Health fee increase of $0.7 million, and a software maintenance and licensing cost increase of $0.7 million. Conservation program expenses are fully recovered in rates and are tracked in a balancing account if it is within the authorized amount, such that revenues are recovered on a dollar-for-dollar basis up to the amounts authorized in the 2015 GRC.

During 2016, other operations expenses increased $12.8 million, or 19.1%, compared to 2015. The increase was mostly due to $4.4 million of MCBA costs associated with the recognition of operating revenue that was deferred in prior years, the Cal Water 2015 settlement agreement included a $3.2 million write-off of capital costs, conservation program expense increases of $1.8 million, and employee wage increases of $0.7 million. The $3.2 million write-off of capital costs was for engineering design costs for a canceled Cal Water and City of Bakersfield water treatment plant project, previously recorded as property held for future use. Conservation program expenses are fully recovered in rates and are tracked in a balancing account if it is within the authorized amount, such that revenues are recovered on a dollar-for-dollar basis up to the amounts authorized in the 2012 GRC.

Maintenance

Maintenance expenses decreased $0.5 million, or 2.0%, in 2017, compared to 2016 due to decreased costs for repairs of transmission and distribution mains and services.

Maintenance expenses increased $1.5 million, or 7.1%, in 2016, compared to 2015 due to increased costs for repairs of transmission and distribution mains, tanks, and services.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization increased $13.2 million in 2017, or 20.7%, mostly due to 2016 capital additions and an increase in the provision for depreciation expressed as a percentage of the aggregate depreciable asset balances from 2.7% in 2016 to 3.0% in 2017.

Depreciation and amortization increased $2.2 million in 2016, or 3.6%, mostly due to 2015 capital additions.

Income Taxes

For 2017, income taxes increased $4.1 million, or 16.6%, as compared to 2016. The increase was mostly due to an increase in operating income in 2017 which was partially offset by an increase in the tax benefit from the flow through method of accounting for repairs deductions on state corporate income tax filings.

For 2016, income taxes increased $0.3 million, or 1.1%, as compared to 2015. The increase was mostly due to an increase in operating income in 2016 which was partially offset by an increase in the tax benefit from the flow through method of accounting for repairs deductions on state corporate income tax filings.

Property and Other Taxes

For 2017, property and other taxes increased $1.6 million, or 6.7%, as compared to 2016. The increase was mostly due to an increase in our assessed property values because of utility plant placed in service during 2016.

For 2016, property and other taxes increased $1.7 million, or 7.8%, as compared to 2015. The increase was mostly due to an increase in our assessed property values because of utility plant placed in service during 2015.

Non-Regulated Revenue and Expense, Net

In 2017, non-regulated income net of expenses increased $3.5 million, or 117.5%, as compared to 2016. The increase was due primarily to the implementation of allowance for equity funds used during construction in 2017 and a $2.0 million increase in unrealized gains on certain benefit plan investments.

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In 2016, non-regulated income net of expenses increased $1.9 million, or 163.0%, as compared to 2015. The increase was mostly due to the recognition of $1.5 million of litigation proceeds from the Cal Water 2015 GRC settlement agreement and unrealized gains on certain benefit plan investments.

Interest Expenses

In 2017, net interest expense increased $3.4 million as compared to 2016. The increase relates to an increase in borrowings on the unsecured revolving credit facilities, which were used to fund capital expenditures and general corporate purposes.

In 2016, net interest expense, increased $3.2 million compared to 2015. The increase was mostly due to $100.0 million of First Mortgage Bonds issued in October 2015 and $50.0 million of First Mortgage Bonds issued in March 2016, which was partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest charged to construction projects in 2016.

Rates and Regulation

The following is a summary of 2017 rate filings. A description of the "Type of Filing" can be found in "Item 1 - Rates and Regulation" section above. California decisions and resolutions may be found on the CPUC website at www.cpuc.ca.gov.



Type of Filing	Decision/Resolution	Approval Date	Increase (Decrease) Annual Revenue	CA District/ Subsidiary
GRC and Offset Filings
2017 Expense Offset	AL 2229-2232	Jan 2017	$1.9 million	4 Districts
2017 Rate Base Offset	AL 2235-2239	Jan 2017	$2.6 million	5 Districts
2015 GRC	AL 2240-2241	Jan 2017	$42.3 million	All Districts
2017 Rate Base Offset	AL 2248, 2256	Apr 2017	$0.9 million	2 Districts
2017 Expense Offset	AL 2253	Apr 2017	$1.0 million	1 District
2017 Rate Base Offset	AL 2261	Jul 2017	$0.4 million	1 District
2017 Expense Offset	AL 2263-2266	Jul 2017	$2.7 million	4 Districts
2017 Expense Offset	AL 2269	Aug 2017	$0.2 million	1 District
Pukalani GRC		Oct 2017	$0.2 million	Hawaii Water

The estimated impact of current and prior year rate changes on operating revenues compared to prior years is listed in the following table:



	2017		2016		2015
	Dollars in millions
General Rate Case (a)	$	44.2	$	2.2	$	1.0
Step rate increases	—		4.9		4.8
Offset (purchased water/pump taxes)	10.7		23.6		17.7
Total rate increases	$	54.9	$	30.7	$	23.5

_______________________________________________________________________________


(a)	Includes rate changes for the Cal Water 2015 GRC decision in 2017, rate base offsets in 2017, 2016 and 2015, and Hawaii Water GRC decisions in 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Water Supply

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months. Water usage in all service areas is highest during the warm and dry summers and declines in the cool winter months. Rain and snow during the winter months replenish underground water aquifers and fill reservoirs, providing the water supply for subsequent delivery to customers. Management believes that supply pumped from underground aquifers and purchased from wholesale suppliers will be adequate to meet customer demand during 2018 and beyond. However, water rationing may be required in future periods, if declared by the state or local jurisdictions. Long-term water supply plans are developed for each of our districts to help assure an adequate water supply under various operating and supply conditions. Some districts have unique challenges in meeting water quality standards, but management believes that supplies will meet current standards using current treatment processes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash flow from Operations

During 2017, we generated cash flow from operations of $147.8 million, compared to $160.4 million during 2016. The decrease in 2017 was mostly due to an increase in the net WRAM and MCBA receivable in 2017 as actual customer usage was below adopted.

During 2016, we generated cash flow from operations of $160.4 million, compared to $145.0 million during 2015. The increase in 2016 was mostly due to rate increases as authorized by the Cal Water 2012 GRC decision.

The water business is seasonal. Billed revenue is lower in the cool, wet winter months when less water is used compared to the warm, dry summer months when water use is highest. This seasonality results in the possible need for short-term borrowings under the bank lines of credit in the event cash is not sufficient to cover operating and capital costs during the winter period. The increase in cash flow during the summer allows short-term borrowings to be paid down. Customer water usage can be lower than normal in years when more than normal precipitation falls in our service areas or temperatures are lower than normal, especially in the summer months. The reduction in water usage reduces cash flow from operations and increases the need for short-term bank borrowings. In addition, short-term borrowings are used to finance capital expenditures until long-term financing is arranged.

Investing Activities

During 2017, 2016, and 2015, we used $259.2 million, $228.9 million and $176.8 million, respectively, of cash for capital expenditures, both Company-funded and developer-funded. The 2017 capital expenditures exceeded the high end of the budgeted capital expenditures of $230.0 million. Annual expenditures fluctuate each year due to the availability of construction resources and our ability to obtain construction permits in a timely manner. In 2017, we also received $56.0 million in TCP settlement proceeds.

Financing Activities

During 2017, we borrowed $265.0 million, and paid down $87.0 million on our unsecured revolving credit facilities to fund capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. We also added $21.4 million of advances and contributions in aid of construction, which was reduced by refunds to developers of $8.4 million and repayment of $20.0 million for First Mortgage Bonds that matured in 2017.

During 2016, we sold $50.0 million of First Mortgage Bonds and used the net proceeds of $49.8 million to pay down short term borrowings. We also borrowed $145.1 million, and paid down $81.6 million on our unsecured revolving credit facilities to fund capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. We added $21.4 million of advances and contributions in aid of construction, which was reduced by refunds to developers of $6.9 million.

During 2015, we sold $100.0 million of First Mortgage Bonds and used the net proceeds of $99.3 million to pay down outstanding short-term borrowings and fund capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. We also borrowed $94.3 million, net of the expenses of $1.2 million, and paid down $141.0 million on our unsecured revolving credit facilities to fund capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. We added $16.0 million of advances and contributions in aid of construction, which were reduced by refunds to developers of $6.7 million.

On March 10, 2015, the Company and Cal Water entered into Syndicated Credit Agreements, which provide for unsecured revolving credit facilities of up to an initial aggregate amount of $450.0 million for a term of five years. The Company and subsidiaries that it designates may borrow up to $150.0 million under the Company’s revolving credit facility. Cal Water may borrow up to $300.0 million under its revolving credit facility; however, all borrowings need to be repaid within 24 months unless otherwise authorized by the CPUC. The credit facilities may each be expanded by up to $50.0 million subject to certain conditions. The proceeds from the revolving credit facilities may be used for working capital purposes, including the short-term financing of capital projects. The base loan rate may vary from LIBOR plus 72.5 basis points to LIBOR plus 95 basis points,

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depending on the Company’s total capitalization ratio. Likewise, the unused commitment fee may vary from 8 basis points to 12.5 basis points based on the same ratio.

The under-collected net WRAM and MCBA receivable balances were $71.6 million, $39.2 million, and $42.0 million as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The increase of $32.4 million as of December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year was mostly due to actual customer usage being lower than adopted. The decrease of $2.8 million as of December 31, 2016 compared to the prior year was mostly due to $25.9 million of drought surcharges in 2016, which was partially offset by a 2.7% decrease in customer usage in California. The under-collected net WRAM and MCBA receivable balances were primarily financed by Cal Water with short-term and long-term financing arrangements to meet operational cash requirements. Interest on the under-collected net WRAM and MCBA receivable balances, the interest recoverable from customers, is limited to the current 90-day commercial paper rate, which is significantly lower than Cal Water's short and long-term financing rates.

Bond principal and other long-term debt payments were $26.8 million during 2017, $7.0 million during 2016, and $7.0 million during 2015.

At the January 2018 meeting, the Board of Directors declared the quarterly dividend, increasing it for the 51st consecutive year. The quarterly dividend was raised from $0.1800 to $0.1875 per common share, or an annual rate of $0.7500 per common share. Dividends have been paid for 72 consecutive years. The annual dividends paid per common share in 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $0.7200, $0.6900, and $0.6700, respectively. Earnings not paid as dividends are reinvested in the business for the benefit of stockholders. The dividend payout ratio was 51% in 2017, 68% in 2016 and 71% in 2015 for an average of 63% over the 3-year period. Our long-term targeted dividend payout ratio is 60%.

Short-Term Financing

Short-term liquidity is provided by the bank lines of credit described above and by internally generated funds. Long-term financing is accomplished through the use of both debt and equity. As of December 31, 2017, there were short-term borrowings of $275.1 million outstanding on our unsecured revolving line of credit, compared to $97.1 million outstanding on our unsecured revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, there were short-term borrowings of $97.1 million outstanding on our unsecured revolving line of credit, compared to $33.6 million outstanding on our unsecured revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2015.

Given our ability to access our lines of credit on a daily basis, cash balances are managed to levels required for daily cash needs and excess cash is invested in short-term or cash equivalent instruments. Minimal operating levels of cash are maintained for Washington Water, New Mexico Water, and Hawaii Water.

The Company and subsidiaries which it designates may borrow up to $150.0 million under its short-term credit facility. Cal Water may borrow up to $300.0 million under its credit facility; however, all borrowings need to be repaid within 24 months unless otherwise authorized by the CPUC.

Both short-term credit agreements contain affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for credit facilities of this type including, among other things, limitations and prohibitions relating to additional indebtedness, liens, mergers, and asset sales. Also, these unsecured credit agreements contain financial covenants governing the Company and its subsidiaries' consolidated total capitalization ratio not to exceed 66.7% and interest coverage ratio of three or more. As of December 31, 2017, our consolidated total capitalization ratio was 56.5% (trade payable and short term borrowings are included as debt for this calculation) and the interest coverage ratio was greater than five. In summary, we have met all of the covenant requirements and are eligible to use the full amounts of these credit agreements.

Long-Term Financing

Cal Water was authorized to issue $350.0 million of debt and common stock to finance capital projects and operations by a CPUC decision dated May 12, 2016. In addition, the decision retained $146.0 million of prior financing authority and determined that refinancing long-term debt did not count against the authorization. The CPUC requires that any loans from Cal Water to the Company be at arm’s length. This restriction did not materially impact the Company's ability to meet its cash obligations in 2017. Management does not expect this restriction to have a material impact on the Company's ability to meet its cash obligations in 2018 and beyond.

On March 16, 2016, Cal Water sold $50.0 million of First Mortgage Bonds and used the net proceeds of $49.8 million to pay down outstanding short-term borrowings, fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes. The Company made principal payments on First Mortgage Bonds and other long-term debt of $26.8 million during 2017. On October 13, 2015, Cal Water sold $100.0 million of First Mortgage Bonds and used the net proceeds of $99.3 million to pay down outstanding short-term borrowings, fund capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes. We made principal payments on First Mortgage Bonds and other long-term debt of $7.0 million during 2016. Long-term financing, which includes First Mortgage Bonds, senior

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notes, other debt securities, and common stock, has typically been used to replace short-term borrowings and fund capital expenditures. Internally generated funds, after making dividend payments, provide positive cash flow, but have not been at a level to meet the needs of our capital expenditure requirements. Management expects this trend to continue given our capital expenditures plan for the next five years. Some capital expenditures are funded by payments received from developers for contributions in aid of construction or advances for construction. Funds received for contributions in aid of construction are non-refundable, whereas funds classified as advances in construction are refundable. Management believes long-term financing is available to meet our cash flow needs through issuances in both debt and equity instruments.

Additional information regarding the bank borrowings and long-term debt is presented in Notes 7 and 8 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We do not utilize off-balance-sheet financing or utilize special purpose entity arrangements for financing. We do not have equity ownership through joint ventures or partnership arrangements.

Contractual Obligations

The contractual obligations presented in the table below represent our estimates of future payments under fixed contractual obligations and commitments. Changes in our business needs, cancellation provisions and changes in interest rates, as well as action by third parties and other factors, may cause these estimates to change. Therefore, our actual payments in future periods may vary from those presented in the table below. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017.



	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		After 5 Years
	(In thousands)
Long-term debt(*)	$	528,809	$	16,221	$	126,967	$	9,907	$	375,714
Interest payments	349,546		29,109		48,203		40,962		231,272
Advances for construction	182,502		7,896		15,346		15,293		143,967
Pension and postretirement benefits(**)	262,353		15,742		56,620		44,169		145,822
Capital lease obligations(***)	8,849		1,053		2,261		1,954		3,581
Facility leases	5,840		950		1,169		643		3,078
System lease	422		422		—		—		—
Water supply contracts(****)	690,370		30,708		61,417		61,419		536,826
TOTAL	$	2,028,691	$	102,101	$	311,983	$	174,347	$	1,440,260

_______________________________________________________________________________


*	Excludes capital lease obligations as reported below. Also, excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $4.5 million.


**	Pension and postretirement benefits include $2.0 million of short-term pension obligations.


***	Capital lease obligations represent total cash payments to be made in the future and include interest expense of $1.8 million.


****	Estimated annual contractual obligations are based on the same payment levels as 2017.

For pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions obligations, see Note 11 of the Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-term debt payments include annual sinking fund payments on First Mortgage Bonds, maturities of long-term debt, and annual payments on other long-term obligations.

Advances for construction represent annual contract refunds to developers for the cost of water systems paid for by the developers. The contracts are non-interest bearing, and refunds are generally on a straight-line basis over a 40-year period. System and facility leases include obligations associated with leasing water systems and rents for office space.

For capital lease obligations, facility leases, and system lease, see Note 14 of the Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements.

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Cal Water has water supply contracts with wholesale suppliers in 13 of its operating districts and for the two leased systems in Hawthorne and Commerce. For each contract, the cost of water is established by the wholesale supplier and is generally beyond our control. The amount paid annually to the wholesale suppliers is charged to purchased water expense on our statement of income. Most contracts do not require minimum annual payments and vary with the volume of water purchased. For more details related to water supply contracts, see Note 11 of the Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements.

Capital Requirements

Capital requirements consist primarily of new construction expenditures for expanding and replacing utility plant facilities and the acquisition of water systems. They also include refunds of advances for construction.

Company-funded and developer-funded utility plant expenditures were $259.2 million, $228.9 million, and $176.8 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. A majority of capital expenditures was associated with mains and water treatment equipment.

For 2018, the Company is estimating its capital expenditures to be between $200.0 million and $220.0 million based on the 2015 GRC in California and normal capital needs in the other subsidiaries. Capital expenditures in California are evaluated in the context of the pending GRC and may change as the case moves forward. We expect our annual capital expenditure to increase during the next five years due to increasing needs to replace and maintain infrastructure.

Management expects developer-funded expenditures in 2018. These expenditures will be financed by developers through refundable advances for construction and non-refundable contributions in aid of construction. Developers are required to deposit the cost of a water construction project with us prior to our commencing construction work, or the developers may construct the facilities themselves and deed the completed facilities to us. Funds are generally received in advance of incurring costs for these projects. Advances are normally refunded over a 40-year period without interest. Future payments for advances received are listed under contractual obligations above. Because non-Company-funded construction activity is solely at the discretion of developers, we cannot predict the level of future activity. The cash flow impact is expected to be minor due to the structure of the arrangements.

Capital Structure

Common stockholders' equity was $693.5 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $659.5 million at December 31, 2016. In 2017, Cal Water repaid $20.0 million for First Mortgage Bonds that matured in 2017. The Company did not sell shares of its common stock in 2017.

Total capitalization, including the current portion of long-term debt, was $1,225.2 million at December 31, 2017 and $1,217.4 million at December 31, 2016. In future periods, the Company intends to issue common stock and long-term debt to finance our operations. The capitalization ratios will vary depending upon the method we choose to finance our operations.

At December 31, capitalization ratios were:



	2017		2016
Common equity	56.6	%	54.2	%
Long-term debt	43.4	%	45.8	%

The return (from both regulated and non-regulated operations) on average common equity was 9.9% in 2017 compared to 7.5% in 2016. Cal Water does not include construction work in progress in its regulated rate base; instead, Cal Water was authorized to record AFUDC on construction work in progress, effective January 1, 2017. Construction work in progress for Cal Water was $167.2 million at December 31, 2017 and $127.4 million at December 31, 2016.

Acquisitions

In 2017, 2016, and 2015 there were no significant acquisitions.

Real Estate Program

We own real estate. From time to time, certain parcels are deemed no longer used or useful for water utility operations. Most surplus properties have a low cost basis. We developed a program to realize the value of certain surplus properties through sale or lease of those properties. The program will be ongoing for a period of several years. There was a pre-tax gain of $0.6 million in 2017, a pre-tax loss of $0.1 million in 2016, and a pre-tax gain of $0.3 million in 2015. As sales are dependent on real estate market conditions, future sales, if any, may or may not be at prior year levels.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We do not participate in hedge arrangements, such as forward contracts, swap agreements, options, or other contractual agreements to mitigate the impact of market fluctuations on our assets, liabilities, production, or contractual commitments. We operate only in the United States and, therefore, are not subject to foreign currency exchange rate risks.

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest rate risk, although this risk is lessened because we operate in a regulated industry. If interest rates were to increase, management believes customer rates would increase accordingly, subject to Commission approval in future GRC filings. The majority of our debt is long-term at a fixed rate. Interest rate risk does exist on short-term borrowings within our credit facilities, as these interest rates are variable. We also have interest rate risk on new financing, as higher interest cost may occur on new debt if interest rates increase.

Over the next 12 months, approximately $15.9 million of the $531.7 million of existing long-term debt instruments will mature or require sinking fund payments. Applying a hypothetical 10 percent increase in the rate of interest charged on those borrowings would not have a material effect on our earnings.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of

California Water Service Group

San Jose, California

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of California Water Service Group and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, common stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and

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operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

San Francisco, California

March 1, 2018

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2008.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Consolidated Balance Sheets



	December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands, except per share data)
ASSETS
Utility plant:
Land	$	42,517		$	40,283
Depreciable plant and equipment	2,729,757			2,522,174
Construction work in progress	175,693			132,957
Intangible assets	22,212			21,925
Total utility plant	2,970,179			2,717,339
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(922,214		)	(858,062		)
Net utility plant	2,047,965			1,859,277
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	94,776			25,492
Receivables: net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $773 and $830 in 2017 and 2016, respectively
Customers	32,451			30,305
Regulatory balancing accounts	36,783			30,332
Other	16,464			17,158
Unbilled revenue	29,756			25,228
Materials and supplies at weighted average cost	6,463			6,292
Taxes, prepaid expenses, and other assets	11,180			7,262
Total current assets	227,873			142,069
Other assets:
Regulatory assets	401,147			355,930
Goodwill	2,615			2,615
Other	60,775			51,854
Total other assets	464,537			410,399
TOTAL ASSETS	$	2,740,375		$	2,411,745
CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
Capitalization:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 68,000 shares authorized, 48,012 and 47,965 outstanding in 2017 and 2016, respectively	$	480		$	480
Additional paid-in capital	336,229			334,856
Retained earnings	356,753			324,135
Total common stockholders' equity	693,462			659,471
Long-term debt, less current maturities	515,793			531,745
Total capitalization	1,209,255			1,191,216
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	15,920			26,208
Short-term borrowings	275,100			97,100
Accounts payable	93,955			77,813
Regulatory balancing accounts	59,303			4,759
Accrued other taxes	3,888			3,629
Accrued interest	6,122			5,661
Other accrued liabilities	36,671			35,060
Total current liabilities	490,959			250,230
Unamortized investment tax credits	1,724			1,798
Deferred income taxes	192,946			298,924
Regulatory liabilities	179,706			38,735
Pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions	252,141			222,691
Advances for construction	182,502			182,448
Contributions in aid of construction	186,721			180,790
Other long-term liabilities	44,421			44,913
Commitments and contingencies
TOTAL CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES	$	2,740,375		$	2,411,745

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Consolidated Statements of Income



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Operating revenue	$	666,890		$	609,370		$	588,368
Operating expenses:
Operations:
Purchased water	199,081			181,515			168,557
Purchased power	28,862			27,180			27,890
Pump taxes	13,924			11,298			11,479
Administrative and general	102,914			98,474			113,110
Other operations	74,448			80,082			67,248
Maintenance	22,530			22,993			21,463
Depreciation and amortization	76,783			63,599			61,381
Income taxes	28,928			24,804			24,528
Property and other taxes	24,797			23,231			21,559
Total operating expenses	572,267			533,176			517,215
Net operating income	94,623			76,194			71,153
Other income and expenses:
Non-regulated revenue	15,898			16,585			15,624
Non-regulated expenses	(9,390		)	(11,445		)	(14,044		)
Allowance for equity funds used during construction	3,750			—			—
Gain (loss) on sale of non-utility property	663			(146		)	315
Income tax expense on other income and expenses	(4,435		)	(2,012		)	(761		)
Net other income	6,486			2,982			1,134
Interest expense:
Interest expense	36,288			33,466			29,185
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction	(2,360		)	(2,965		)	(1,915		)
Net interest expense	33,928			30,501			27,270
Net income	$	67,181		$	48,675		$	45,017
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.40		$	1.02		$	0.94
Diluted	$	1.40		$	1.01		$	0.94
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	48,009			47,953			47,865
Diluted	48,009			47,956			47,880

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholders' Equity

For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015



	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Total Stockholders' Equity
	(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2014	47,806	$	478	$	330,558	$	295,590		$	626,626
Net income						45,017			45,017
Issuance of common stock	69	1		2,577					2,578
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.670 per share)						(32,066		)	(32,066		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	47,875	479		333,135		308,541			642,155
Net income						48,675			48,675
Issuance of common stock	90	1		1,721					1,722
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.690 per share)						(33,081		)	(33,081		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	47,965	480		334,856		324,135			659,471
Net income						67,181			67,181
Issuance of common stock	47	—		1,373					1,373
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.720 per share)						(34,563		)	(34,563		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	48,012	$	480	$	336,229	$	356,753		$	693,462

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	67,181		$	48,675		$	45,017
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	78,592			65,203			63,182
Amortization of debt premium and expenses	920			871			825
Changes in normalized deferred income taxes	21,087			26,818			24,393
Change in value of life insurance contracts	(3,058		)	(1,026		)	218
Allowance for equity funds used during construction	(3,750		)	—			—
Stock-based compensation	3,118			2,849			2,578
(Gain) loss on sale of non-utility property	(663		)	146			(315		)
Write-off of capital costs	1,293			3,221			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(31,871		)	(343		)	1,855
Unbilled revenue	(4,528		)	(2,047		)	559
Taxes, prepaid expenses, and other assets	(3,718		)	1,276			(2,366		)
Accounts payable	1,564			3,839			(819		)
Other current liabilities	2,164			4,056			(1,106		)
Other changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities	19,511			6,906			10,948
Net cash provided by operating activities	147,842			160,444			144,969
Investing activities:
Utility plant expenditures	(259,194		)	(228,938		)	(176,833		)
Proceeds from sale of non-utility assets	666			395			319
TCP settlement proceeds	56,004			—			—
Life insurance benefits	1,558			495			—
Purchase of life insurance	(5,605		)	(2,857		)	(2,032		)
Change in restricted cash	(81		)	66			288
Net cash used in investing activities	(206,652		)	(230,839		)	(178,258		)
Financing activities:
Short-term borrowings, net of expenses of $0 for 2017 and 2016, and $1,197 for 2015	265,000			145,100			94,303
Repayment of short-term borrowings	(87,000		)	(81,615		)	(141,000		)
Issuance of long-term debt, net of expenses of $0 for 2017, $177 for 2016, and $707 for 2015	—			49,823			99,343
Advances and contributions in aid of construction	21,369			21,448			16,026
Refunds of advances for construction	(8,378		)	(6,885		)	(6,726		)
Retirement of long-term debt	(26,829		)	(6,996		)	(7,003		)
Repurchase of common stock	(1,505		)	(744		)	(338		)
Dividends paid	(34,563		)	(33,081		)	(32,066		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	128,094			87,050			22,539
Change in cash and cash equivalents	69,284			16,655			(10,750		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	25,492			8,837			19,587
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	94,776		$	25,492		$	8,837
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) during the year for:
Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	32,223		$	28,038		$	25,345
Income tax refunds	(1,697		)	—			—
Supplemental disclosure of investing and financing non-cash activities:
Accrued payables for investments in utility plant	41,017			27,150			21,546
Utility plant contributed by developers	19,898			16,824			7,383
Litigation proceeds for MTBE contamination reclassified from other long-term liabilities to depreciable plant and equipment	2,420			484			332

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

1 ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS

California Water Service Group (Company) is a holding company that provides water utility and other related services in California, Washington, New Mexico, and Hawaii through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. California Water Service Company (Cal Water), Washington Water Service Company (Washington Water), New Mexico Water Service Company (New Mexico Water), and Hawaii Water Service Company, Inc. (Hawaii Water) provide regulated utility services under the rules and regulations of their respective state's regulatory commissions (jointly referred to as the Commissions). CWS Utility Services and HWS Utility Services LLC provide non-regulated water utility and utility-related services.

The Company operates in one reportable segment, providing water and related utility services.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the Company's accounts and those of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary to provide a fair presentation of the results for the periods covered.

The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the consolidated balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. These include, but are not limited to, estimates and assumptions used in determining the Company's regulatory asset and liability balances based upon probability assessments of regulatory recovery, utility plant useful lives, revenues earned but not yet billed, asset retirement obligations, allowance for doubtful accounts, pension and other employee benefit plan liabilities, and income tax-related assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue

Revenue generally includes monthly cycle customer billings for regulated water and wastewater services at rates authorized by regulatory commissions (plus an estimate for water used between the customer's last meter reading and the end of the accounting period) and billings to certain non-regulated customers at rates authorized by contract with government agencies.

The Company's regulated water and related utility services requirements are authorized by the Commissions in the states in which the Company operates. The revenue requirements are intended to provide the Company a reasonable opportunity to recover its operating costs and earn a return on investments.

For metered customers, Cal Water recognizes revenue from rates which are designed and authorized by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). Under the Water Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (WRAM), Cal Water records the adopted level of volumetric revenues, which would include recovery of cost of service and a return on investments, as established by the CPUC for metered accounts. The adopted volumetric revenue considers the seasonality of consumption of water based upon historical averages. The variance between adopted volumetric revenues and actual billed volumetric revenues for metered accounts is recorded as a component of revenue with an offsetting entry to a regulatory asset or liability balancing account (tracked individually for each Cal Water district) subject to certain criteria under the accounting guidance for regulated operations. The variance amount represents amounts that will be billed or refunded to customers in the future. In addition to volumetric revenues, the revenue requirements approved by the CPUC include service charges, flat rate charges, and other items not subject to the WRAM.

Cost-recovery rates are designed to permit full recovery of certain costs allowed to be recovered by the Commissions. Cost-recovery rates such as the Modified Cost Balancing Account (MCBA) provide for recovery of adopted expense levels for purchased water, purchased power and pump taxes, as established by the CPUC. In addition, cost-recovery rates include recovery of costs related to water conservation programs and certain other operating expenses adopted by the CPUC. Variances (which include the effects of changes in both rates and volumes for the MCBA) between adopted and actual costs are recorded as a component of revenue, as the amount of such variances will be recovered from or refunded to customers in the future. Cost-recovery expenses are generally recognized when expenses are incurred with no markup for return on investments or profit.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

The balances in the WRAM and MCBA assets and liabilities accounts will fluctuate on a monthly basis depending upon the variance between adopted and actual results. The recovery or refund of the WRAM is netted against the MCBA over- or under-recovery for the corresponding district and the deferred net balances are interest bearing at the current 90 day commercial paper rate. Subsequent to calendar year-end, Cal Water files with the CPUC to refund or collect the balance in the accounts. The majority of under-collected net WRAM and MCBA receivable balances are collected over 12 or 18 months. Cal Water defers net WRAM and MCBA operating revenues and associated costs whenever the net receivable balances are estimated to be collected more than 24 months after the respective reporting period in which it was recorded. The deferred net WRAM and MCBA revenue and associated costs were determined using forecasts of customer consumption trends in future reporting periods and the estimated timing of when the CPUC will authorize Cal Water's filings to recover unbilled balances. Deferred revenues and associated costs are recorded in the periods when the collection is within 24 months of the respective reporting period.

Flat rate customers are billed in advance at the beginning of the service period. The revenue is prorated so that the portion of revenue applicable to the current period is included in that period’s revenue, with the balance recorded as unearned revenue on the balance sheet and recognized as revenue when earned in the subsequent accounting period. The unearned revenue liability was $0.7 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This liability is included in "other accrued liabilities" on our consolidated balance sheets.

Non-Regulated Revenue

Revenues from non-regulated operations and maintenance agreements are recognized when services have been rendered to companies or municipalities under such agreements. For construction and design services, revenue is generally recognized on the completed contract method, as most projects are completed in less than 3 months. Other non-regulated revenue is recognized when title has transferred to the buyer, or ratably over the term of the lease.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable. The allowance is based upon specific identified accounts plus an estimate of uncollectible accounts based upon historical percentages. The balance of customer receivables is net of the allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.8 million, $0.8 million, and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The activities in the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:



	2017			2016			2015
Beginning Balance	$	830		$	730		$	697
Provision for uncollectible accounts	1,570			2,111			1,674
Net write off of uncollectible accounts	(1,627		)	(2,011		)	(1,641		)
Ending Balance	$	773		$	830		$	730

Utility Plant

Utility plant is carried at original cost when first constructed or purchased, or at fair value when acquired through acquisition. When depreciable plant is retired, the cost is eliminated from utility plant accounts and such costs are charged against accumulated depreciation. Maintenance of utility plant is charged to operating expenses as incurred. Maintenance projects are not accrued for in advance.

Intangible assets acquired as part of water systems purchased are recorded at fair value. All other intangibles have been recorded at cost and are amortized over their useful life.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

The following table represents depreciable plant and equipment as of December 31:



	2017		2016
Equipment	$	592,612	$	561,909
Office buildings and other structures	245,877		218,711
Transmission and distribution plant	1,891,268		1,741,554
Total	$	2,729,757	$	2,522,174

Depreciation of utility plant is computed on a straight-line basis over the assets' estimated useful lives including cost of removal of certain assets as follows:



	Useful Lives
Equipment	5 to 50 years
Transmission and distribution plant	40 to 65 years
Office Buildings and other structures	50 years

The provision for depreciation expressed as a percentage of the aggregate depreciable asset balances was 3.00% in 2017, 2.70% in 2016 and 2.80% in 2015.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction

The allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) represents the capitalized cost of funds used to finance the construction of the utility plant. In general, AFUDC is applied to Cal Water construction projects requiring more than one month to complete. No AFUDC is applied to projects funded by customer advances for construction, contributions in aid of construction, or applicable state-revolving fund loans. AFUDC includes the net cost of borrowed funds and a rate of return on other funds when used, and is recovered through water rates as the utility plant is depreciated. Cal Water was authorized by the CPUC to record AFUDC on construction work in progress effective January 1, 2017. Prior to January 1, 2017, the CPUC authorized Cal Water to only record capitalized interest on borrowed funds. Cal Water previously reported the amounts authorized as capitalized interest and a reduction to interest expense. The amount of AFUDC related to equity funds and to borrowed funds for 2017, 2016, and 2015 are shown in the tables below:



	2017		2016		2015
Allowance for equity funds used during construction	$	3,750	$	—	$	—
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction	2,360		2,965		1,915
Total	$	6,110	$	2,965	$	1,915

Asset Retirement Obligation

The Company has a legal obligation to retire wells in accordance with State Water Resources Control Board regulations. In addition, upon decommission of a wastewater plant or lift station certain wastewater infrastructure would need to be retired in accordance with State Water Resources Control Board regulations. An asset retirement cost and corresponding retirement obligation is recorded when a well or waste water infrastructure is placed into service. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the retirement obligation is estimated to be $21.2 million and $20.3 million, respectively. The change only impacted the consolidated balance sheet.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. Cash and cash equivalents was $94.8 million and $25.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Restricted Cash

In 2017 restricted cash includes $0.5 million of proceeds collected through a surcharge on certain customers' bills plus interest earned on the proceeds and is used to service California Safe Drinking Water Bond obligations. All restricted cash is included in "taxes, prepaid expenses, and other assets". As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, restricted cash was $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

Because the Company operates almost exclusively in a regulated business, the Company is subject to the accounting standards for regulated utilities. The Commissions in the states in which the Company operates establish rates that are designed to permit the recovery of the cost of service and a return on investment. The Company capitalizes and records regulatory assets for costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if it is probable that the incurred costs will be recovered in future rates. Regulatory assets are amortized over the future periods that the costs are expected to be recovered. If costs expected to be incurred in the future are currently being recovered through rates, the Company records those expected future costs as regulatory liabilities. In addition, the Company records regulatory liabilities when the Commissions require a refund to be made to the Company's customers over future periods.

If the Company determines that a portion of the Company's assets used in utility operations is not recoverable in customer rates, the Company would be required to recognize the loss of the assets disallowed.

Regulatory assets and liabilities were comprised of the following as of December 31:



	2017		2016
Regulatory Assets
Pension and retiree group health	$	214,249	$	188,880
Property-related temporary differences (tax benefits flowed through to customers)	87,323		92,099
Other accrued benefits	28,251		27,503
Net WRAM and MCBA long-term accounts receivable	34,879		16,148
Asset retirement obligations, net	17,126		15,812
Interim rates long-term accounts receivable	4,568		4,605
Tank coating	10,998		8,452
Health care balancing account	496		1,000
Pension balancing account	2,322		—
Other regulatory assets	935		1,431
Total Regulatory Assets	$	401,147	$	355,930
Regulatory Liabilities
Future tax benefits due to customers	$	168,343	$	33,231
Health care balancing account	7,749		—
Conservation program	2,273		584
Pension balancing account	364		695
Net WRAM and MCBA long-term payable	513		611
Other regulatory liabilities	464		3,614
Total Regulatory Liabilities	$	179,706	$	38,735

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

The increase in future tax benefits due to customers as of December 31, 2017, as compared to the prior year, was due to federal tax law changes enacted by the federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) on December 22, 2017. The TCJA reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent beginning on January 1, 2018 and GAAP requires the Company to re-measure all existing deferred income tax assets and liabilities to reflect the reduction in the federal tax rate on the enactment date. The Company is working with state regulators to finalize the ratepayer refund process to ensure compliance with federal normalization rules.

The Company's pension and postretirement health care benefits regulatory asset is the amount the Company expects to recover from customers in the future for these plans at the end of the calendar year.

The property-related temporary differences are primarily due to: (i) the difference between book and federal income tax depreciation on utility plant that was placed in service before the regulatory Commissions adopted normalization for rate making purposes; and (ii) certain (state) deferred taxes for which flow through accounting continues to be applied to originating deferred taxes. The regulatory asset will be recovered in rates in future periods as the tax effects of the temporary differences previously flowed-through to customers reverse.

Other accrued benefits are accrued benefits for vacation, self-insured workers' compensation, and directors' retirement benefits. The net WRAM and MCBA long-term accounts receivable is the under-collected portion of recorded revenues that are not expected to be collected from customers within 12 months. The asset retirement obligation regulatory asset represents the difference between costs associated with asset retirement obligations and amounts collected in rates. Tank coating represents the maintenance costs for tank coating projects that are recoverable from customers. The health care balancing account regulatory asset/liability is for incurred health care costs that exceeded/was below the cost recovery in rates and is recoverable/refundable from/to customers.

Short-term regulatory assets and liabilities are excluded from the above table.

The short-term regulatory assets for 2017 and 2016 were $36.8 million and $30.3 million, respectively. The short-term regulatory assets, as of December 31, 2017, primarily consist of net WRAM and MCBA receivables. As of December 31, 2016, the short-term regulatory assets were primarily interim rates, 2014-2015 drought recovery, and net WRAM and MCBA receivables.

The short-term portion of regulatory liabilities for 2017 and 2016 were $59.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively. The short-term regulatory liabilities, as of December 31, 2017, primarily consist of TCP settlement proceeds (see Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies) and net WRAM and MCBA liability balances. As of December 31, 2016, the short-term regulatory liabilities were primarily net WRAM and MCBA liability balances and net refund balances to customers for the pension and conservation programs from the 2012 GRC.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Intangibles and Goodwill

The Company's long-lived assets include transmission and distribution plant, equipment, land, buildings, and intangible assets. Long-lived assets, other than land, are depreciated or amortized over their estimated useful lives, and are reviewed for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances would include items such as a significant decrease in the market value of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or planned to be used or in its physical condition, or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the uses of the asset. In addition, changes in the expected useful life of these long-lived assets may also be an impairment indicator. When such events or changes occur, the Company estimates the fair value of the asset from future cash flows expected to result from the use and, if applicable, the eventual disposition of the assets, and compare that to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized equal to the amount by which the asset's carrying value exceeds its fair value. The key variables that must be estimated include assumptions regarding sales volume, rates, operating costs, labor and other benefit costs, capital additions, assumed discount rates and other economic factors. These variables require significant management judgment and include inherent uncertainties since they are forecasting future events. A variation in the assumptions used could lead to a different conclusion regarding the realizability of an asset and, thus could have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is reviewed annually at November 30th for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The impairment test is performed at the reporting unit level using a two- step, fair-

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

value based approach. The first step determines the fair value of the reporting unit and compares it to the reporting unit's carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step allocates the fair value of the reporting unit to the Company's tangible and intangible assets and liabilities. This derives an implied fair value for the reporting unit's goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess.

Long-Term Debt Premium, Discount and Expense

The premiums, discounts, and issuance expenses on long-term debt are amortized over the original lives of the related debt on a straight-line basis which approximates the effective interest method. Premiums paid on the early redemption of certain debt and the unamortized original issuance discount and expense are amortized over the life of new debt issued in conjunction with the early redemption. Amortization expense included in interest expense for 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $0.9 million, $0.9 million, and $0.8 million, respectively.

Advances for Construction

Advances for construction consist of payments received from developers for installation of water production and distribution facilities to serve new developments. Advances are excluded from rate base for rate setting purposes. Annual refunds are made to developers without interest. Advances of $182.5 million, and $182.4 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, will be refunded primarily over a 40-year period in equal annual amounts. Estimated refunds of advances for the succeeding 5 years are approximately $7.9 million in 2018, $7.7 million in 2019, $7.7 million in 2020, $7.6 million in 2021, and $7.6 million in 2022.

Contributions in Aid of Construction

Contributions in aid of construction represent payments received from developers, primarily for fire protection purposes, which are not subject to refunds. Facilities funded by contributions are included in utility plant, but excluded from rate base. Depreciation related to assets acquired from contributions is charged to the Contributions in Aid of Construction account.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Measurement of the deferred tax assets and liabilities is at enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets based on historical taxable income and projected taxable income for future tax years.

Historically the Commissions reduced revenue requirements for the tax effects of certain originating temporary differences and allowed recovery of these tax costs as the related temporary differences reverse. The Commissions have granted the Company rate increases to reflect the normalization of the tax benefits of the federal accelerated methods and available Investment Tax Credits (ITC) for all assets placed in service after 1980. ITCs are deferred and amortized over the lives of the related properties for book purposes. The CPUC granted flow through for state taxes.

Subsequent to 1986, Advances for Construction and Contributions in Aid of Construction were taxable for federal income tax purposes. Subsequent to 1991, Advances for Construction and Contributions in Aid of Construction were subject to California income tax. Due to changes in the federal tax law in 1996 and the California tax law in 1997 only deposits for new services were taxable. In late 2000, federal regulations were further modified to exclude contributions of fire services from taxable income. With the enactment of the TCJA, all Advances for Construction and Contributions in Aid of Construction received from developers after December 22, 2017 became taxable for federal income tax purposes.

The accounting standards for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes allows the inclusion of interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income taxes. See note 10 "Income Taxes".

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Workers' Compensation

For workers' compensation, the Company estimates the liability associated with claims submitted and claims not yet submitted based on historical data. Expenses for workers compensation insurance are included in rates on a pay-as- you-go basis. Therefore, a corresponding regulatory asset has been recorded.

Earnings per Share

The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share are noted below. Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts were exercised or converted into common stock. Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs) are included in the common shares outstanding because the shares have all the same voting and dividend rights as issued and unrestricted common stock.

The Company did not grant any Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) in 2017, 2016, and 2015. There were no SARs outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. As of December 31, 2015, there were 64,500 shares of SARs outstanding.

All SARs were dilutive in 2017, 2016, and 2015. The dilutive effect is shown in the table below:



	2017		2016		2015
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	67,181	$	48,675	$	45,017
Weighted average common shares, basic	48,009		47,953		47,865
Dilutive SARs (treasury method)	—		3		15
Weighted average common shares, dilutive	48,009		47,956		47,880
Earnings per share—basic	$	1.40	$	1.02	$	0.94
Earnings per share—diluted	$	1.40	$	1.01	$	0.94

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period.

Comprehensive Income or Loss

Comprehensive income for all periods presented was the same as net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The Company did not have any accumulated other comprehensive income or loss transactions as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued updated accounting guidance on simplifying the accounting for share-based payments (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09), which includes the accounting for share-based payment transactions, the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted and implemented the changes to accounting for share-based payments on January 1, 2017 and applied the requirements retrospectively on the statement of cash flows for all periods presented. The Company's forfeiture policy did not change and the Company continues to account for forfeitures when they occur. For the twelve month period ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $0.6 million of income tax benefits in excess of compensation costs for share-based compensation which reduced the effective tax rate. The tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments were reported as operating activities and the associated cash paid by the company for employee tax withholding transactions were reported as financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

The following tables show the effects of the accounting change to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for 2016 and 2015:



	2016
Cash Flow Classification	As Reported on Form 10-K		Adjusted Balance on Form 10-K			Increase (Decrease) from Retrospective Adoption
Other changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities	$	6,162	$	6,906		$	744
Net cash provided by operating activities	159,700		160,444			744
Repurchase of common stock	—		(744		)	(744		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	87,794		87,050			(744		)



	2015
Cash Flow Classification	As Reported on Form 10-K		Adjusted Balance on Form 10-K			Increase (Decrease) from Retrospective Adoption
Other changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities	$	10,610	$	10,948		$	338
Net cash provided by operating activities	144,631		144,969			338
Repurchase of common stock	—		(338		)	(338		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	22,877		22,539			(338		)

New Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which amends the existing revenue recognition guidance. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of this amendment for public companies by one year to January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of the original effective date of January 1, 2017. The Company completed an evaluation of the new revenue standard and implemented the standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new revenue standard will not materially impact the timing or recognition of revenue related to the sale and delivery of water to its customers, which is a significant percentage of the Company's revenue. The adoption of the new revenue standard will result in expanded revenue related disclosures. The Company plans to disclose revenues from contracts with customers separately from regulatory balancing account revenue and disaggregate customer contract revenue by customer class.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This update changes the accounting treatment of leases and related disclosure requirements. In November of 2017, the FASB tentatively decided to amend the new leasing guidance such that entities may elect not to restate their comparative periods in the period of adoption. The guidance requires lessees to recognize an asset and liability on the balance sheet for all of their lease obligations. Operating leases were previously not recognized on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method for its existing leases and expects this standard to increase lease assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not expect that the guidance will have a material impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and lease disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This update adds and clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The update requires employers to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net benefit cost, including interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost/credit and actuarial gain/loss, and settlement and curtailment effects, are to be presented as non-operating

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

items. Employers will have to disclose the line(s) used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost, if the components are not presented separately in the income statement. The standard only allows the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization. The Company has completed an evaluation of the new standard and its impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and adopted the new accounting standard on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance will change the Company's financial statement presentation of net benefit costs and modify the amounts eligible to be capitalized. However, based on current regulatory authorization, the changes required by the standard will not materially impact the results of operations.

3 OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES

The Company conducts various non-regulated activities as reflected in the table below:



	2017					2016					2015
	Revenue		Expense			Revenue		Expense			Revenue		Expense
Operating and maintenance	$	8,621	$	8,847		$	8,430	$	9,061		$	9,385	$	10,438
Leases	2,015		182			1,923		204			1,929		208
Design and construction	1,918		1,635			1,792		1,473			1,399		1,292
Meter reading and billing	256		(6		)	242		62			597		434
Interest income	68		—			18		—			39		—
Change in value of life insurance contracts (gain) loss	—		(3,057		)	—		(1,026		)	—		218
Other non-regulated income and expenses	3,020		1,789			4,180		1,671			2,275		1,454
Total	$	15,898	$	9,390		$	16,585	$	11,445		$	15,624	$	14,044

Operating and maintenance services and meter reading and billing services are provided for water and wastewater systems owned by private companies and municipalities. The agreements call for a fee-per-service or a flat-rate amount per month. Leases have been entered into with telecommunications companies for cellular phone antennas placed on the Company's property. Design and construction services are for the design and installation of water mains and other water infrastructure for others outside the Company's regulated service areas. Third-party insurance program gains and losses are included in other non-regulated income and expenses. Also, the 2016 other non-regulated income and expenses included a litigation gain of $1.5 million.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

4 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, intangible assets that will continue to be amortized and those not amortized were:



	Weighted Average Amortization Period (years)	2017						2016
	Weighted Average Amortization Period (years)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Amortized intangible assets:
Water pumping rights	usage	$	1,084	$	108	$	976	$	1,084	$	105	$	979
Water planning studies	11	15,922		10,306		5,616		15,734		9,307		6,427
Leasehold improvements and other	19	1,426		804		622		1,331		696		635
Total		$	18,432	$	11,218	$	7,214	$	18,149	$	10,108	$	8,041
Unamortized intangible assets:
Perpetual water rights and other		$	3,780	$	—	$	3,780	$	3,776	$	—	$	3,776

Water pumping rights usage is the amount of water pumped from aquifers to be treated and distributed to customers.

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, amortization of intangible assets was $1.6 million and for the year ended December 31, 2015, amortization of intangible assets was $1.4 million. Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets for the succeeding 5 years is approximately $1.4 million in 2018, $1.2 million in 2019, $0.7 million in 2020, $0.6 million in 2021, $0.5 million in 2022, and $2.7 million thereafter.

5 PREFERRED STOCK

The Company is authorized to issue 241,000 shares of Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2017. No shares of Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 or 2016.

6 COMMON STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, 48,012,432 shares and 47,964,915 shares, respectively, of common stock were issued and outstanding.

Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Repurchase Plan

The Company has a Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (DRIP Plan). Under the DRIP Plan, stockholders may reinvest dividends to purchase additional Company common stock without commission fees. The DRIP Plan also allows existing stockholders and other interested investors to purchase Company common stock through the transfer agent up to certain limits. The Company's transfer agent operates the DRIP Plan and purchases shares on the open market to provide shares for the Plan.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017 and 2016

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

7 SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

On March 10, 2015, the Company and Cal Water entered into Syndicated Credit Agreements, which provide for unsecured revolving credit facilities of up to an initial aggregate amount of $450.0 million for a term of 5 years. The Company and subsidiaries that it designates may borrow up to $150.0 million under the Company’s revolving credit facility. Cal Water may borrow up to $300.0 million under its revolving credit facility; however, all borrowings need to be repaid within 24 months unless otherwise authorized by the CPUC. The credit facilities may each be expanded by up to $50.0 million subject to certain conditions. The proceeds from the revolving credit facilities may be used for working capital purposes, including the short-term financing of capital projects. The base loan rate may vary from LIBOR plus 72.5 basis points to LIBOR plus 95 basis points, depending on the Company’s total capitalization ratio. Likewise, the unused commitment fee may vary from 8 basis points to 12.5 basis points based on the same ratio.

The revolving credit facilities contain affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for credit facilities of this type including, among other things, limitations and prohibitions relating to additional indebtedness, liens, mergers, and asset sales. Also, these unsecured credit agreements contain financial covenants governing the Company and its subsidiaries' consolidated total capitalization ratio and interest coverage ratio.

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the outstanding borrowings on the Company lines of credit were $55.1 million and $57.1 million, respectively. The borrowings on the Cal Water lines of credit as of December 31, 2017 was $220.0 million and $40.0 million as of December 31, 2016.

The following table represents borrowings under the bank lines of credit:



	2017			2016
Maximum short-term borrowings	$	275,100		$	97,100
Average amount outstanding	$	179,739		$	65,804
Weighted average interest rate	2.05		%	1.33		%

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017 and 2016

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

8 LONG-TERM DEBT

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, long-term debt outstanding was:



	Series	Interest Rate		Maturity Date	2017			2016
First Mortgage Bonds	TTT	4.610	%	2056	$	10,000		$	10,000
	SSS	4.410	%	2046	40,000			40,000
	QQQ	3.330	%	2025	50,000			50,000
	RRR	4.310	%	2045	50,000			50,000
	PPP	5.500	%	2040	100,000			100,000
	LL	5.875	%	2019	100,000			100,000
	AAA	7.280	%	2025	20,000			20,000
	BBB	6.770	%	2028	20,000			20,000
	CCC	8.150	%	2030	20,000			20,000
	DDD	7.130	%	2031	20,000			20,000
	EEE	7.110	%	2032	20,000			20,000
	FFF	5.900	%	2017	—			20,000
	GGG	5.290	%	2022	9,091			10,909
	HHH	5.290	%	2022	9,091			10,909
	III	5.540	%	2023	5,454			6,364
	JJJ	5.440	%	2018	909			1,818
	LLL	5.480	%	2018	10,000			10,000
	OOO	6.020	%	2031	20,000			20,000
	CC	9.860	%	2020	16,900			17,000
Total First Mortgage Bonds					521,445			547,000
California Department of Water Resources Loans		2.6% to 8.0%		2018 - 32	6,201			6,519
Other Long-term debt					7,956			8,909
Unamortized debt issuance costs					(3,889		)	(4,475		)
Total long-term debt					531,713			557,953
Less current maturities					15,920			26,208
Long-term debt excluding current maturities					$	515,793		$	531,745

Cal Water repaid $20.0 million of First Mortgage Bond FFF, which matured in 2017.

On October 4, 2011, Cal Water entered into a capital lease arrangement with the City of Hawthorne to operate the City's water system for a 15-year period. The $6.4 million and $7.0 million capital lease liability as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is included in other long-term debt and current maturities set forth above.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

9 OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, other accrued liabilities were:



	2017		2016
Accrued and deferred compensation	$	23,916	$	22,572
Accrued benefits and workers' compensation claims	6,640		6,460
Other	6,115		6,028
TOTAL OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES	$	36,671	$	35,060

10 INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following:



	Federal		State			Total
2017
Current	$	—	$	3		$	3
Deferred	32,652		707			33,359
Total	$	32,652	$	710		$	33,362
2016
Current	$	130	$	2		$	132
Deferred	26,603		81			26,684
Total	$	26,733	$	83		$	26,816
2015
Current	$	9,591	$	1,706		$	11,297
Deferred	15,374		(1,382		)	13,992
Total income tax	$	24,965	$	324		$	25,289

The Company's 2017, 2016 and 2015 federal qualified repairs and maintenance deductions totaled $85.7 million, $84.9 million, and $65.2 million, respectively.

The total federal NOL carry-forward was $72.6 million and the state NOL carry-forward was $55.4 million as of December 31, 2017. Management has concluded that the NOL carry-forward amounts are more likely than not to be recovered and therefore require no valuation allowance. The loss and credit carry-forward will begin to expire in 2032.

As of December 31, 2017, the California Enterprise Zone (EZ) credit was $4.2 million net of federal tax benefit for qualified property purchased before January 1, 2015, and placed in service before January 1, 2016. The Company has carry-forward California EZ credits of $2.3 million net of any unrecognized tax benefit. Unused State of California EZ credits can carry-forward until 2024.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

10 INCOME TAXES (Continued)

The difference between the recorded and the statutory income tax expense was reconciled in the table below:



	2017			2016			2015
Statutory income tax	$	35,190		$	26,422		$	24,607
Increase (reduction) in taxes due to:
State income taxes net of federal tax benefit	5,781			4,341			4,043
Effect of regulatory treatment of fixed asset differences	(4,584		)	(4,298		)	(3,450		)
Investment tax credits	(74		)	(74		)	(74		)
AFUDC equity	(1,528		)	—			—
Share base stock compensation	(581		)	—			—
Other	(842		)	425			163
Total income tax	$	33,362		$	26,816		$	25,289

The effect of regulatory treatment of fixed asset differences includes estimated repair and maintenance deductions and asset related flow through items.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted expansive tax legislation commonly referred to as the TCJA. Among other provisions, the TCJA reduces the federal income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent beginning on January 1, 2018 and eliminated bonus depreciation for utilities. The TCJA required the Company to re-measure all existing deferred income tax assets and liabilities to reflect the reduction in the federal tax rate. The Company made reasonable estimates to reflect the impacts of the TCJA and recorded provisional amounts, in accordance with rules issued by the SEC in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, for the re-measurement of deferred tax balances as of December 31, 2017.

During the three months and year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a provisional re-measurement of its deferred tax balances (related mostly to timing differences for plant-related items) which was offset by a change from a net deferred income tax regulatory asset to a net regulatory liability. The Company is working with state regulators to finalize the ratepayer net refund of $108.0 million to ensure compliance with federal normalization rules.

The final transition impacts of the TCJA may differ from the recorded amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, regulatory decisions that could differ from the Company’s determination of how the impacts of the TCJA are allocated between customers and shareholders. In addition, while the Company was able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of the reduction in federal tax rate and the elimination of bonus depreciation due to the enactment of the TCJA; the Company has not completed analysis for areas of the TCJA around Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), full expensing of fixed assets, and other asset related items of the TCJA. Changes in interpretations, guidance on legislative intent, and any changes in accounting standards for income taxes in response to the TCJA could impact the recorded amounts. The Company will finalize and record any adjustments related to the TCJA within the one year measurement period provided under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

10 INCOME TAXES (Continued)

The deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, were presented in the following table:



	2017		2016
Deferred tax assets:
Developer deposits for extension agreements and contributions in aid of construction	$	33,552	$	46,318
Net operating loss carryforward and tax credits	13,329		12,348
Pension	7,906		9,865
Income tax regulatory liability	41,712		—
Other	280		5,651
Total deferred tax assets	96,779		74,182
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property related basis and depreciation differences	262,442		347,071
WRAM/MCBA and interim rates balancing accounts	24,733		20,714
Other	2,550		5,321
Total deferred tax liabilities	289,725		373,106
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	192,946	$	298,924

The decreases in developer deposits for extension agreements and contributions in aid of construction and property related basis and depreciation differences, as compared to the prior year, were mostly due to the re-measurement of deferred tax balances as required by the TCJA. The increase in the deferred tax asset for the income tax regulatory liability represents the tax gross up to the revenue requirement for the re-measurement of net deferred taxes associated with a lower federal income tax rate as a result of the TCJA, as well as the future tax benefit associated with the expected reduction in revenue.

A valuation allowance was not required at December 31, 2017 and 2016. Based on historical taxable income and future taxable income projections over the period in which the deferred assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of the deductible differences.

The following table reconciles the changes in unrecognized tax benefits:



	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Balance at beginning of year	$	10,499	$	10,298	$	7,916
Additions for tax positions taken during prior year	—		—		—
Additions for tax positions taken during current year	559		201		2,382
Reductions for tax positions taken during a prior year	—		—		—
Lapse of statute of limitations	—		—		—
Balance at end of year	$	11,058	$	10,499	$	10,298

The Company does not expect a material change in its unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. The component of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of December 31, 2017, for the Company was $2.1 million, with the remaining balance representing the potential deferral of taxes to later years.

The Company's federal income tax years subject to an examination are from 2013 to 2017 and the state income tax years subject to an examination are from 2012 to 2017.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

11 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Savings Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) qualified defined contribution savings plan that allows participants to contribute up to 20% of pre-tax compensation. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company matches 75 cents for each dollar contributed by the employee up to a maximum Company match of 6.0% of base salary. Company contributions were $5.6 million, $5.4 million, and $5.0 million, for the years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Pension Plans

The Company provides a qualified, defined-benefit, non-contributory pension plan for substantially all employees. The accumulated benefit obligations of the pension plan are $513.6 million and $438.0 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of pension plan assets was $460.9 million and $376.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Prior to 2010, pension payment obligations were generally funded by the purchase of an annuity from a life insurance company. Beginning in 2010, the pension plan trust pays monthly benefits to retirees, rather than the purchase of an annuity. Expected payments to be made are $13.5 million in 2018, $15.0 million in 2019, $16.5 million in 2020, $18.1 million in 2021, and $20.0 million in 2022. The aggregate benefits expected to be paid in the 5 years 2023 through 2027 are $125.8 million. The expected benefit payments are based upon the same assumptions used to measure the Company's benefit obligation at December 31, 2017, and include estimated future employee service.

The Company also maintains an unfunded, non-qualified, supplemental executive retirement plan. The unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan accumulated benefit obligations were $56.7 million and $46.0 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Benefit payments under the supplemental executive retirement plan are paid currently and are included in the preceding paragraph.

The costs of the pension and retirement plans are charged to expense and utility plant. The Company makes annual contributions to fund the amounts accrued for pension cost.

Other Postretirement Plan

The Company provides substantially all active, permanent employees with medical, dental, and vision benefits through a self-insured plan. Employees retiring at or after age 58, along with their spouses and dependents, continue participation in the plan by payment of a premium. Plan assets are invested in mutual funds, short-term money market instruments and commercial paper based upon a similar asset mix to the pension plan. Retired employees are also provided with a five thousand dollar life insurance benefit.

The Company records the costs of postretirement benefits other than pensions (PBOP) during the employees' years of active service. Postretirement benefit expense recorded in 2017, 2016, and 2015, was $8.5 million, $8.9 million, and $15.1 million, respectively. The remaining net periodic benefit cost was $3.5 million at December 31, 2017, and is being recovered through future customer rates and is recorded as a regulatory asset. The expected benefit payments, net of retiree premiums and Medicare Part D subsidies, are $2.3 million in 2018, $2.5 million in 2019, $2.7 million in 2020, $2.9 million in 2021, and $3.2 million in 2022. The aggregate benefits expected to be paid in the 5 years 2023 through 2027 are $20.0 million. The expected Medicare Part D subsidies are $0.3 million in 2018, $0.3 million in 2019, $0.3 million in 2020, $0.4 million in 2021, and $0.3 million in 2022.

Benefit Plan Assets

The Company actively manages pensions and PBOP trust (Plan) assets. The Company's investment objectives are:


•	Maximize the return on the assets, commensurate with the risk that the Company deems appropriate to, meet the obligations of the Plans, minimize the volatility of the pension expense, and account for contingencies;


•	Generate a rate of return for the total portfolio that equals or exceeds the actuarial investment rate assumption;

Additionally, the rate of return of the total fund is measured periodically against an index comprised of 35% of the Standard & Poor's Index, 15% of the Russell 2000 Index, 10% of the MSCI EAFE Index, and 40% of the Lehman Aggregate Bond Index. The index is consistent with the Company's rate of return objective and indicates the Company's long-term asset allocation objective.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

11 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)

The Company applies a risk management framework for managing the risks associated with employee benefit plan trust assets. The guiding principles of this risk management framework are the clear articulation of roles and responsibilities, appropriate delegation of authority, and proper accountability and documentation. Trust investment policies and investment manager guidelines include provisions to ensure prudent diversification, manage risk through appropriate use of physical direct asset holdings and derivative securities, and identify permitted and prohibited investments.

The Company's target asset allocation percentages for major categories of the pension plan are reflected in the table below:



	Minimum Exposure		Target		Maximum Exposure
Fixed Income	35	%	40	%	45	%
Total Domestic Equity:	40	%	50	%	60	%
Small Cap Stocks	10	%	15	%	20	%
Large Cap Stocks	30	%	35	%	45	%
Non-U.S. Equities	5	%	10	%	15	%

The fixed income category includes money market funds, short-term bond funds, and cash. The majority of fixed income investments range in maturities from less than 1 to 5 years.

The Company's target allocation percentages for the PBOP trust is similar to the pension plan except for a larger allocation in fixed income investments and a lower allocation in equity investments.

The Company uses the following criteria to select investment funds:


•	Fund past performance;


•	Fund meets criteria of Employee Retirements Income Security Act (ERISA);


•	Timeliness and completeness of fund communications and reporting to investors;


•	Stability of fund management company;


•	Fund management fees; and


•	Administrative costs incurred by the Plan.

Plan Fair Value Measurements

The fair value measurements standard establishes a framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under the standard are described below:

Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Plan has the ability to access.

Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include:


•	Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;


•	Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;


•	Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and


•	Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

11 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)

All Plan investments are level one investments in mutual funds and are valued at the net asset value (NAV) of the shares held at December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Pension Benefits								Other Benefits
	2017		%		2016		%		2017		%		2016		%
Fixed Income	$	171,403	37	%	$	141,576	38	%	$	60,438	60	%	$	54,166	63	%
Domestic Equity: Small Cap Stocks	73,682		16	%	61,036		16	%	—		—		—		—
Domestic Equity: Large Cap Stocks	169,661		37	%	136,405		36	%	40,125		40	%	32,412		37	%
Non U.S. Equities	46,132		10	%	37,532		10	%	—		—		—		—
Total Plan Assets	$	460,878	100	%	$	376,549	100	%	$	100,563	100	%	$	86,578	100	%

The pension benefits fixed income category includes $22.5 million and $2.3 million of money market fund investments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The other benefits fixed income category includes $39.4 million and $35.5 million of money market fund investments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Changes in Plan Assets, Benefits Obligations, and Funded Status

The following table reconciles the funded status of the plans with the accrued pension liability and the net postretirement benefit liability as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Beginning of year	$	564,755		$	501,879		$	122,108		$	136,736
Service cost	23,801			20,971			7,152			6,513
Interest cost	23,256			22,226			4,988			4,863
Assumption change	60,526			15,599			15,298			(8,748		)
Experience loss	10,836			14,075			(4,546		)	(16,041		)
Benefits paid, net of retiree premiums	(11,840		)	(9,995		)	(1,632		)	(1,215		)
End of year	$	671,334		$	564,755		$	143,368		$	122,108
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	376,549		$	328,634		$	86,578		$	72,886
Actual return on plan assets	64,365			27,916			6,508			5,342
Employer contributions	31,804			29,994			9,109			9,565
Retiree contributions and Medicare part D subsidies	—			—			1,884			1,611
Benefits paid	(11,840		)	(9,995		)	(3,516		)	(2,826		)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	460,878		$	376,549		$	100,563		$	86,578
Funded status(1)	$	(210,456	)	$	(188,206	)	$	(42,805	)	$	(35,530	)
Unrecognized actuarial loss	150,545			126,610			39,796			31,821
Unrecognized prior service cost	20,342			26,123			165			207
Net amount recognized	$	(39,569	)	$	(35,473	)	$	(2,844	)	$	(3,502	)

_______________________________________________________________________________


(1)	The short-term portion of the pension benefits was $2.0 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

11 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)

Amounts recognized on the balance sheet consist of:



	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
	2017			2016			2017			2016
(Accrued) benefit costs	$	60		$	—		$	(3,461	)	$	(4,119	)
Accrued benefit liability	(210,456		)	(188,206		)	(42,805		)	(35,530		)
Regulatory asset	170,827			152,733			43,422			36,147
Net amount recognized	$	(39,569	)	$	(35,473	)	$	(2,844	)	$	(3,502	)

Valuation Assumptions

Below are the actuarial assumptions used in determining the benefit obligation for the benefit plans:



	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Weighted average assumptions as of December 31:
Discount rate	3.60	%	4.15	%	3.65	%	4.25	%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.50	%	6.50	%	5.50	%	5.50	%
Rate of compensation increases	3.25	%	3.25	%	—		—
Cost of living adjustment	2.50	%	2.50	%	—		—

The discount rate was derived from the Citigroup Pension Discount Curve using the expected payouts for the plan. The long-term rate of return assumption is the expected rate of return on a balanced portfolio invested roughly 60% in equities and 40% in fixed income securities. Returns on equity investments were estimated based on estimates of dividend yield and real earnings added to a 2.50% long-term inflation rate. For the pension and other benefit plans, the assumed returns were 7.23% for domestic equities and 8.15% for foreign equities. Returns on fixed-income investments were projected based on investment maturities and credit spreads added to a 2.50% long-term inflation rate. For the pension and other benefit plans, the assumed returns were 4.80% for fixed income investments and 2.78% for short-term cash investments. The average return for the pension and other benefit plans for the last 5 and 10 years was 9.30% and 6.10%, respectively. The Company is using a long-term rate of return of 6.50% for the pension plan and 5.50% for the other benefit plan, which is between the 25th and 75th percentile of expected results.

In 2017, the Company used the Society of Actuaries 2014 Mortality Tables Report (RP-2014) and Mortality Improvement Scale (MP-2017 with modifications) for measuring retirement plan obligations. The RP-2014 mortality table and improvement scale extended the assumed life expectancy of plan participants which resulted in an increase in the Company's accrued benefit obligation as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

Net periodic benefit costs for the pension and other postretirement plans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 included the following components:



	Pension Plan									Other Benefits
	2017			2016			2015			2017			2016			2015
Service cost	$	23,801		$	20,971		$	21,306		$	7,152		$	6,513		$	8,476
Interest cost	23,256			22,226			20,104			4,988			4,863			5,654
Expected return on plan assets	(24,119		)	(21,826		)	(19,138		)	(4,875		)	(4,129		)	(3,519		)
Net amortization and deferral	12,962			11,990			15,485			1,186			1,660			4,536
Net periodic benefit cost	$	35,900		$	33,361		$	37,757		$	8,451		$	8,907		$	15,147

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

11 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)

Below are the actuarial assumptions used in determining the net periodic benefit costs for the benefit plans, which uses the end of the prior year as the measurement date:



	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Weighted average assumptions as of December 31:
Discount rate	4.15	%	4.40	%	4.25	%	4.40	%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.50	%	6.50	%	5.50	%	5.50	%
Rate of compensation increases	3.25	%	3.25	%	—		—

The health care cost trend rate assumption has a significant effect on the amounts reported. For 2017 measurement purposes, the Company assumed a 6.8% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits with the rate decreasing to 5.2% by 2020, then gradually grading down to 4.7% over the next 50 years. A 1-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trends is estimated to have the following effect:



	1-Percentage Point Increase		1-Percentage Point (Decrease)
Effect on total service and interest costs	$	3,919	$	(2,795	)
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation	$	39,117	$	(28,762	)

The Company intends to make annual contributions that meet the funding requirements of ERISA. The Company estimates in 2018 that the annual contribution to the pension plans will be $35.7 million and the annual contribution to the other postretirement plan will be $10.8 million.

12 STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company's equity incentive plan was approved and amended by stockholders on April 27, 2005 and May 20, 2014. The Company is authorized to issue awards up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock.

During 2017 and 2016, the Company granted annual Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs) of 49,290 and 72,317, respectively, of common stock to officers and directors of the Company. In 2017 and 2016, 20,747 RSAs and 16,617 RSAs, respectively, were canceled. Officer RSAs granted in 2017 and 2016 vest over 36 months with the first year cliff vesting. Director RSAs generally vest at the end of 12 months. During 2017 and 2016, the RSAs granted were valued at $36.75 and $25.17 per share, respectively, based upon the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.

The Company granted performance-based Restricted Stock Unit Awards (RSUs) of 31,389 and 43,659 of common stock to officers in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Each award reflects a target number of common shares that may be issued to the award recipient. The 2017 and 2016 awards may be earned upon the completion of a 3-year performance period. During 2017 and 2016, the Company issued 38,709 RSUs and 28,424 RSUs, respectively, to officers, and 19,735 RSUs and 6,602 RSUs, respectively, were canceled. Whether RSUs are earned at the end of the performance period will be determined based on the achievement of certain performance objectives set by the Board of Director Compensation Committee in connection with the issuance of the RSUs. The performance objectives are based on the Company's business plan covering the performance period. The performance objectives include achieving the budgeted return on equity, budgeted investment in utility plant, customer service standards, employee safety standards and water quality standards. Depending on the results achieved during the 3-year performance period, the actual number of shares that a grant recipient receives at the end of the performance period may range from 0% to 200% of the target shares granted, provided that the grantee is continuously employed by the Company through the vesting date. If prior to the vesting date employment is terminated by reason of death, disability or normal retirement, then a pro rata portion of this award will vest. RSUs are not included in diluted shares until earned. The RSUs are recognized as expense ratably over the 3 year performance period using a fair market value of $36.75 per share for the 2017 RSUs and $25.17 per share for the 2016 RSUs based on an estimate of RSUs earned during the performance period.

The Company has recorded compensation costs for the RSAs and RSUs which are included in administrative and general operating expenses in the amount of $3.1 million, $2.8 million, and $2.9 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

13 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures provides a single definition of fair value and requires certain disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. A hierarchal framework for disclosing the observability of the inputs utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value is established by this guidance. The three levels in the hierarchy are described in Note 11 - Employee Benefit Plans.

Specific valuation methods include the following:

Accounts receivable and accounts payable carrying amounts approximated the fair value because of the short-term maturity of the instruments.

Long-term debt fair values were estimated using the published quoted market price, if available, or the discounted cash flow analysis, based on the current rates available using a risk-free rate (a U.S. Treasury securities yield curve) plus a risk premium of 1.70%.

Advances for construction fair values were estimated using broker quotes from companies that frequently purchase these investments.



	December 31, 2017
			Fair Value
	Cost		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Long-term debt, including current maturities	$	531,713	$	—	$	607,492	$	—	$	607,492
Advances for construction	182,502		—		75,083		—		75,083
Total	$	714,215	$	—	$	682,575	$	—	$	682,575



	December 31, 2016
			Fair Value
	Cost		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Long-term debt, including current maturities	$	557,953	$	—	$	630,510	$	—	$	630,510
Advances for construction	182,448		—		74,460		—		74,460
Total	$	740,401	$	—	$	704,970	$	—	$	704,970

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

The Company leases offices, equipment and other facilities, two water systems from cities, and has long-term commitments to purchase water from water wholesalers. The commitments are noted in the table below.



	Facility Leases		System Lease		Water Supply Contracts*		Capital Lease Obligations
2018	$	950	$	422	$	30,708	$	1,053
2019	620		—		30,708		1,284
2020	549		—		30,709		977
2021	341		—		30,709		977
2022	302		—		30,710		977
Thereafter	3,078		—		536,826		3,581

_______________________________________________________________________________

* Estimated annual contractual obligations are based on the same payment levels as 2017.

Facility Leases

Company Facility leases include office and other facilities in many of its operating districts. The total paid and charged to operations for such leases was $1.1 million in 2017, $1.0 million in 2016, and $1.1 million in 2015.

System Lease

The system lease is a 15-year lease with the City of Commerce that expires in June of 2018. The lease includes an annual lease payment of $0.8 million per year plus a cost savings sharing arrangement. In 2017, the Company bid to renew the lease agreement after June 2018 and expects the City of Commerce to release the results of the bidding process in 2018.

Water Supply Contracts

The Company has a long-term contract with the Santa Clara Valley Water District that requires the Company to purchase minimum annual water quantities. Purchases are priced at the districts then-current wholesale water rate. The Company operates to purchase sufficient water to equal or exceed the minimum quantities under the contract. The total paid to Santa Clara Valley Water District was $9.1 million in 2017, $8.5 million in 2016, and $6.3 million in 2015.

The Company also has a water supply contract with Stockton East Water District (SEWD) that requires a fixed, annual payment. Each year, the fixed annual payment is adjusted for changes to SEWD's costs. Because of the fixed annual price arrangement, the Company operates to receive as much water as possible from SEWD in order to minimize the cost of operating Company-owned wells used to supplement SEWD deliveries. The total paid under the contract was $14.1 million in 2017, $12.2 million in 2016, and $9.8 million in 2015. Future increased costs by SEWD are expected to be offset by a decline in the allocation of costs to the Company, as other customers of SEWD are expected to receive a larger allocation based upon growth of their service areas.

On September 21, 2005, the Company entered into an agreement with Kern County Water Agency (Agency) to obtain treated water for the Company's operations. The term of the agreement is to January 1, 2035, or until the repayment of the Agency's bonds (described hereafter) occurs. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company is obligated to purchase approximately 20,500 acre feet of treated water per year. The Company is obligated to pay the Capital Facilities Charge and the Treated Water Charge regardless of whether it can use the water in its operation, and is obligated for these charges even if the Agency cannot produce an adequate amount to supply the 20,500 acre feet in the year. This agreement supersedes a prior agreement with Kern County Water Agency for the supply of 11,500 acre feet of water per year.

Three other parties, including the City of Bakersfield, are also obligated to purchase a total of 32,500 acre feet per year under separate agreements with the Agency. Further, the Agency has the right to proportionally reduce the water supply provided to all of the participants if it cannot produce adequate supplies. If any of the other parties does not use its allocation, that party is obligated to pay its contracted amount.

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

If any of the parties were to default on making payments of the Capital Facilities Charge, then the other parties are obligated to pay for the defaulting party's share on a pro-rata basis. If there is a payment default by a party and the remaining parties have to make payments, they are also entitled to a pro-rata share of the defaulting party's water allocation.

The Company expects to use all its entitled water in its operations every year. In addition, if the Company were to pay for and receive additional amounts of water due to a default of another participating party; the Company believes it could use this additional water in its operations without incurring substantial incremental cost increases. If additional treated water is available, all parties have an option to purchase this additional treated water, subject to the Agency's right to allocate the water among the parties.

The total obligation of all parties, excluding the Company, is approximately $82.4 million to the Agency. Based on the credit worthiness of the other participants, which are government entities, it is believed to be highly unlikely that the Company would be required to assume any other parties' obligations under the contract due to their default.

The Company pays a capital facilities charge and charges related to treated water that together total $9.1 million annually, which equates to $441.9 dollars per acre foot. Total treated water charge for 2017 was $3.0 million. As treated water is being delivered, the Company will also be obligated for the Company's portion of the operating costs; that portion is currently estimated to be $64.2 dollars per acre foot. The actual amount will vary due to variations from estimates, inflation, and other changes in the cost structure. Our overall estimated cost of $441.9 dollars per acre foot is less than the estimated cost of procuring untreated water (assuming water rights could be obtained) and then providing treatment.

Capital Lease Obligations

There are two capital leases; the most significant was the City of Hawthorne water system. In 2011, the Company entered into a 15-year capital lease agreement to operate the City of Hawthorne water system. The system, which is located near the Hermosa Redondo district, serves about half of Hawthorne's population. The agreement required us to make an up-front $8.1 million lease deposit to the city that is being amortized over the lease term. Additionally, annual lease payments of $1.0 million are made to the city and shall be increased or decreased each year on July 1, by the same percentage that the rates charged to customers served by the water system increased or decreased, exclusive of pass-through increases or decreases in the cost of water, power, and city-imposed fees, compared to the rates in effect on July 1 of the prior year, provided, that in no event will the annual lease payment be less than $0.9 million. Under the lease the Company is responsible for all aspects of system operation and capital improvements, although title to the system and system improvements reside with the city. In exchange, the Company receives all revenue from the water system, which was $10.0 million, $8.5 million, and $8.0 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. At the end of the lease, the city is required to reimburse the Company for the unamortized value of capital improvements made during the term of the lease. The annual payments were $1.0 million in 2017, $1.0 million in 2016, and $0.9 million in 2015. The capital lease asset was $6.8 million as of December 31, 2017.

Contingencies

Groundwater Contamination

The Company has undertaken litigation against third parties to recover past and future costs related to ground water contamination in our service areas. The cost of litigation is expensed as incurred and any settlement is first offset against such costs. The CPUC's general policy requires all proceeds from contamination litigation to be used first to pay transactional expenses, then to make customers whole for water treatment costs to comply with the CPUC's water quality standards. The CPUC allows for a risk-based consideration of contamination proceeds which exceed the costs of the remediation described above and may result in some sharing of proceeds with the shareholder, determined on a case by case basis. The CPUC has authorized various memorandum accounts that allow the Company to track significant litigation costs to request recovery of these costs in future filings and uses of proceeds to comply with CPUC's general policy.

As previously reported, Cal Water has filed with the City of Bakersfield, in the Superior Court of California, a lawsuit that names potentially PRPs, who manufactured and distributed products containing 1,2,3 trichloropropane (TCP) in California. TCP has been detected in the ground water. The lawsuit seeks to recover treatment costs necessary to remove TCP. On December 20, 2017, Cal Water entered into an $85.0 million settlement agreement and release of claims with the PRPs, in California Water Service Company and City of Bakersfield v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Civil Case No. CIV-470999 (TCP Action). The TCP Action seeks damages and other relief related to the PRPs’ alleged contamination of drinking water supply and water wells with the chemical TCP. The proceeds from the settlement, after payment of the legal

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

fees, was $56.0 million and will be used to reimburse a portion of the capital costs associated with Cal Water’s remediation efforts related to such alleged TCP contamination. Under the terms of the Agreement, the PRPs are released from all claims regarding 47 of the 57 total claimed wells, and Cal Water agrees to file a dismissal with prejudice of the TCP Action. The PRPs are also released from future claims regarding TCP contamination of any other wells, unless and until Cal Water has installed granular activated carbon filtration systems or other then-approved Sate treatment technology for TCP on, or replaced, 36 wells due to TCP contamination. As of December 31, 2017, Cal Water believes the proceeds are non-taxable based upon its intent to reinvest them in qualifying assets.

Other Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is involved in various disputes and litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. The status of each significant matter is reviewed and assessed for potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount of the range of loss can be estimated, a liability is accrued for the estimated loss in accordance with the accounting standards for contingencies. Legal proceedings are subject to uncertainties, and the outcomes are difficult to predict. Because of such uncertainties, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. While the outcome of these disputes and litigation matters cannot be predicted with any certainty, management does not believe when taking into account existing reserves the ultimate resolution of these matters will materially affect the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company has recognized a liability of $6.1 million for all known legal matters as of December 31, 2017 mostly due to potable water main leaks and other work related legal matters. The cost of litigation is expensed as incurred and any settlement is first offset against such costs. Any settlement in excess of the cost to litigate is accounted for on a case by case basis, dependent on the nature of the settlement.

15 QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

The Company's common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CWT."



2017	First		Second		Third		Fourth
Operating revenue	$	122,036	$	171,132	$	211,731	$	161,991
Net operating income	8,050		25,259		41,196		20,118
Net income	1,132		18,531		33,849		13,669
Diluted earnings per share	0.02		0.39		0.70		0.29
Common stock market price range:
High	37.60		39.40		39.65		46.15
Low	32.45		32.75		36.30		38.15
Dividends paid per common share	0.1800		0.1800		0.1800		0.1800



2016	First			Second		Third		Fourth
Operating revenue	$	121,727		$	152,445	$	184,268	$	150,930
Net operating income	6,270			18,534		30,055		21,335
Net income	(798		)	11,508		22,875		15,090
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	(0.02		)	0.24		0.48		0.31
Common stock market price range:
High	27.33			34.95		35.62		36.85
Low	22.48			26.22		29.93		29.25
Dividends paid per common share	0.1725			0.1725		0.1725		0.1725

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

16 SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On February 6, 2018, the CPUC issued the proposed decision of the assigned administrative law judge, which applies to Cal Water and three other Class A water companies (the Joint Parties), in response to the Joint Parties’ request to set their cost of capital for 2018, 2019, and 2020. The proposed decision would lower Cal Water’s authorized return on equity from 9.43% to 8.22%. If the proposed decision were adopted without changes, Cal Water would be required to reduce its rates collected from California customers by approximately $13.0 million, which will reduce Cal Water's 2018 net income and net cash provided by operating activities. A proposed decision must be approved by the full Commission to go into effect. The Commission could modify or reject the proposed decision and will first consider the matter at its meeting on March 22, 2018.

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On April 17, 2009, Cal Water issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% First Mortgage Bonds due 2019, and on November 17, 2010, Cal Water issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.500% First Mortgage Bonds due 2040, all of which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. As a result of these guarantee arrangements, the Company is required to present the following condensed consolidating financial information. The investments in affiliates are accounted for and presented using the “equity method” of accounting

The following tables present the condensed consolidating balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the condensed consolidating statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and the condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, of (i) California Water Service Group, the guarantor of the First Mortgage Bonds and the parent company; (ii) California Water Service Company, the issuer of the First Mortgage Bonds and a 100% owned consolidated subsidiary of California Water Service Group; and (iii) the other 100% owned non-guarantor consolidated subsidiaries of California Water Service Group. No other subsidiary of the Company guarantees the securities. The condensed consolidating statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 reflect the retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-09 (refer to Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more details).

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET

As of December 31, 2017



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
	ASSETS
Utility plant:
Utility plant	$	1,321		$	2,771,259		$	204,795		$	(7,196	)	$	2,970,179
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(919		)	(868,762		)	(54,543		)	2,010			(922,214		)
Net utility plant	402			1,902,497			150,252			(5,186		)	2,047,965
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	4,728			80,940			9,108			—			94,776
Receivables and unbilled revenue	—			110,928			4,526			—			115,454
Receivables from affiliates	19,952			4,093			43			(24,088		)	—
Other current assets	80			16,569			994			—			17,643
Total current assets	24,760			212,530			14,671			(24,088		)	227,873
Other assets:
Regulatory assets	—			397,333			3,814			—			401,147
Investments in affiliates	698,690			—			—			(698,690		)	—
Long-term affiliate notes receivable	26,441			—			—			(26,441		)	—
Other assets	192			59,581			3,822			(205		)	63,390
Total other assets	725,323			456,914			7,636			(725,336		)	464,537
TOTAL ASSETS	$	750,485		$	2,571,941		$	172,559		$	(754,610	)	$	2,740,375
	CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
Capitalization:
Common stockholders' equity	$	693,462		$	626,300		$	77,647		$	(703,947	)	$	693,462
Affiliate long-term debt	—			—			26,441			(26,441		)	—
Long-term debt, less current maturities	—			514,952			841			—			515,793
Total capitalization	693,462			1,141,252			104,929			(730,388		)	1,209,255
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	—			15,598			322			—			15,920
Short-term borrowings	55,100			220,000			—			—			275,100
Payables to affiliates	—			580			23,508			(24,088		)	—
Accounts payable	—			90,561			3,394			—			93,955
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	271			104,002			1,711			—			105,984
Total current liabilities	55,371			430,741			28,935			(24,088		)	490,959
Unamortized investment tax credits	—			1,724			—			—			1,724
Deferred income taxes	1,652			189,004			2,424			(134		)	192,946
Pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions	—			252,141			—			—			252,141
Regulatory and other long-term liabilities	—			220,779			3,348			—			224,127
Advances for construction	—			181,979			523			—			182,502
Contributions in aid of construction	—			154,321			32,400			—			186,721
TOTAL CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES	$	750,485		$	2,571,941		$	172,559		$	(754,610	)	$	2,740,375

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET

As of December 31, 2016



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
	ASSETS
Utility plant:
Utility plant	$	1,318		$	2,519,785		$	203,433		$	(7,197	)	$	2,717,339
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(826		)	(805,992		)	(53,163		)	1,919			(858,062		)
Net utility plant	492			1,713,793			150,270			(5,278		)	1,859,277
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	5,216			13,215			7,061			—			25,492
Receivables and unbilled revenue	—			98,850			4,173			—			103,023
Receivables from affiliates	19,566			3,608			8			(23,182		)	—
Other current assets	80			12,442			1,032			—			13,554
Total current assets	24,862			128,115			12,274			(23,182		)	142,069
Other assets:
Regulatory assets	—			352,139			3,791			—			355,930
Investments in affiliates	666,525			—			—			(666,525		)	—
Long-term affiliate notes receivable	25,744			—			—			(25,744		)	—
Other assets	376			50,361			3,765			(33		)	54,469
Total other assets	692,645			402,500			7,556			(692,302		)	410,399
TOTAL ASSETS	$	717,999		$	2,244,408		$	170,100		$	(720,762	)	$	2,411,745
	CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
Capitalization:
Common stockholders' equity	$	659,471		$	595,003		$	76,833		$	(671,836	)	$	659,471
Affiliate long-term debt	—			—			25,744			(25,744		)	—
Long-term debt, less current maturities	—			530,850			895			—			531,745
Total capitalization	659,471			1,125,853			103,472			(697,580		)	1,191,216
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	—			25,657			551			—			26,208
Short-term borrowings	57,100			40,000			—			—			97,100
Payables to affiliates	—			539			22,643			(23,182		)	—
Accounts payable	—			74,998			2,815			—			77,813
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	88			47,232			1,789			—			49,109
Total current liabilities	57,188			188,426			27,798			(23,182		)	250,230
Unamortized investment tax credits	—			1,798			—			—			1,798
Deferred income taxes	1,340			296,781			803			—			298,924
Pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions	—			222,691			—			—			222,691
Regulatory and other long-term liabilities	—			80,518			3,130			—			83,648
Advances for construction	—			181,907			541			—			182,448
Contributions in aid of construction	—			146,434			34,356			—			180,790
TOTAL CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES	$	717,999		$	2,244,408		$	170,100		$	(720,762	)	$	2,411,745

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CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenue	$	—		$	626,381		$	40,509		$	—		$	666,890
Operating expenses:
Operations:
Purchased water	—			198,682			399			—			199,081
Purchased power	—			21,021			7,841			—			28,862
Pump taxes	—			13,924			—			—			13,924
Administrative and general	—			92,195			10,719			—			102,914
Other	—			67,069			7,903			(524		)	74,448
Maintenance	—			21,595			935			—			22,530
Depreciation and amortization	94			72,327			4,453			(91		)	76,783
Income tax (benefit) expense	(498		)	27,129			1,238			1,059			28,928
Property and other taxes	(4		)	21,778			3,023			—			24,797
Total operating (income) expenses	(408		)	535,720			36,511			444			572,267
Net operating income	408			90,661			3,998			(444		)	94,623
Other income and expenses:
Non-regulated revenue	1,985			14,608			1,814			(2,509		)	15,898
Non-regulated expenses	—			(8,139		)	(1,251		)	—			(9,390		)
Allowance for equity funds used during construction	—			3,750			—			—			3,750
Gain on non-utility properties	—			663			—			—			663
Income tax expense on other income and expenses	(809		)	(4,434		)	(214		)	1,022			(4,435		)
Net other income	1,176			6,448			349			(1,487		)	6,486
Interest:
Interest expense	1,131			35,116			2,026			(1,985		)	36,288
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction	—			(2,319		)	(41		)	—			(2,360		)
Net interest expense	1,131			32,797			1,985			(1,985		)	33,928
Equity earnings of subsidiaries	66,728			—			—			(66,728		)	—
Net income	$	67,181		$	64,312		$	2,362		$	(66,674	)	$	67,181

Table of Contents

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenue	$	—		$	570,514		$	38,856		$	—		$	609,370
Operating expenses:
Operations:
Purchased water	—			181,018			497			—			181,515
Purchased power	—			19,791			7,389			—			27,180
Pump taxes	—			11,298			—			—			11,298
Administrative and general	—			88,001			10,473			—			98,474
Other	—			73,918			6,669			(505		)	80,082
Maintenance	—			22,053			940			—			22,993
Depreciation and amortization	220			59,138			4,337			(96		)	63,599
Income tax (benefit) expense	(398		)	22,743			1,449			1,010			24,804
Property and other taxes	—			20,331			2,900			—			23,231
Total operating (income) expenses	(178		)	498,291			34,654			409			533,176
Net operating income	178			72,223			4,202			(409		)	76,194
Other Income and Expenses:
Non-regulated revenue	1,850			15,114			2,006			(2,385		)	16,585
Non-regulated expenses	—			(10,122		)	(1,323		)	—			(11,445		)
Gain on sale of non-utility properties	—			(146		)	—			—			(146		)
Income tax expense on other income and expenses	(754		)	(1,976		)	(254		)	972			(2,012		)
Net other income	1,096			2,870			429			(1,413		)	2,982
Interest:
Interest expense	757			32,682			1,906			(1,879		)	33,466
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction	—			(2,905		)	(60		)	—			(2,965		)
Net interest expense	757			29,777			1,846			(1,879		)	30,501
Equity earnings of subsidiaries	48,158			—			—			(48,158		)	—
Net income	$	48,675		$	45,316		$	2,785		$	(48,101	)	$	48,675

Table of Contents

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME

For the Year Ended December 31, 2015



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenue	$	—		$	552,202		$	36,166		$	—		$	588,368
Operating expenses:
Operations:
Purchased water	—			168,157			400			—			168,557
Purchased power	—			20,282			7,608			—			27,890
Pump taxes	—			11,479			—			—			11,479
Administrative and general	—			101,244			11,866			—			113,110
Other	—			61,154			6,599			(505		)	67,248
Maintenance	—			20,659			804			—			21,463
Depreciation and amortization	228			56,911			4,343			(101		)	61,381
Income tax (benefit) expense	(388		)	23,964			(56		)	1,008			24,528
Property and other taxes	—			18,848			2,711			—			21,559
Total operating expenses	(160		)	482,698			34,275			402			517,215
Net operating income	160			69,504			1,891			(402		)	71,153
Other Income and Expenses:
Non-regulated revenue	1,787			14,460			1,699			(2,322		)	15,624
Non-regulated expenses	—			(12,870		)	(1,174		)	—			(14,044		)
Gain on sale of non-utility properties	—			315			—			—			315
Income tax expense on other income and expenses	(728		)	(776		)	(224		)	967			(761		)
Net other income	1,059			1,129			301			(1,355		)	1,134
Interest:
Interest expense	718			28,450			1,834			(1,817		)	29,185
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction	—			(1,873		)	(42		)	—			(1,915		)
Net interest expense	718			26,577			1,792			(1,817		)	27,270
Equity earnings of subsidiaries	44,516			—			—			(44,516		)	—
Net income (loss)	$	45,017		$	44,056		$	400		$	(44,456	)	$	45,017

Table of Contents

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	67,181		$	64,312		$	2,362		$	(66,674	)	$	67,181
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity earnings of subsidiaries	(66,728		)	—			—			66,728			—
Dividends received from Affiliates	34,563			—			—			(34,563		)	—
Depreciation and amortization	94			74,041			4,548			(91		)	78,592
Change in value of life insurance contract	—			(3,058		)	—			—			(3,058		)
Stock-based compensation	3,118			—			—			—			3,118
Gain on sale of non-utility properties	—			(663		)	—			—			(663		)
Changes in normalized deferred income taxes	—			21,087			—			—			21,087
Allowance for equity funds used during construction	—			(3,750		)	—			—			(3,750		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	184			(36,611		)	38			—			(36,389		)
Other changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities	254			18,860			2,573			37			21,724
Net cash provided by operating activities	38,666			134,218			9,521			(34,563		)	147,842
Investing activities:
Utility plant expenditures	(4		)	(252,055		)	(7,135		)	—			(259,194		)
TCP settlement proceeds	—			56,004			—			—			56,004
Proceeds from sale of non-utility assets	—			666			—			—			666
Change in affiliate advances	172			(485		)	(50		)	363			—
Issuance of affiliate short-term borrowings	(2,610		)	—			—			2,610			—
Reduction of affiliate long-term debt	1,356			—			—			(1,356		)	—
Life insurance benefits	—			1,558			—			—			1,558
Purchase of life insurance	—			(5,605		)	—			—			(5,605		)
Change in restricted cash	—			(81		)	—			—			(81		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,086		)	(199,998		)	(7,185		)	1,617			(206,652		)
Financing Activities:
Short-term borrowings, net of expenses	—			265,000			—			—			265,000
Repayment of short-term borrowings	(2,000		)	(85,000		)	—			—			(87,000		)
Change in affiliate advances	—			41			322			(363		)	—
Proceeds from affiliate short-term borrowings	—			—			2,610			(2,610		)	—
Repayment of affiliates long-term debt	—			—			(1,356		)	1,356			—
Retirement of long-term debt	—			(26,223		)	(606		)	—			(26,829		)
Advances and contribution in aid of construction	—			21,075			294			—			21,369
Refunds of advances for construction	—			(8,373		)	(5		)	—			(8,378		)
Repurchase of common stock	(1,505		)	—			—			—			(1,505		)
Dividends paid to non-affiliates	(34,563		)	—			—			—			(34,563		)
Dividends paid to affiliates	—			(33,015		)	(1,548		)	34,563			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(38,068		)	133,505			(289		)	32,946			128,094
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(488		)	67,725			2,047			—			69,284
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	5,216			13,215			7,061			—			25,492
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	4,728		$	80,940		$	9,108		$	—		$	94,776

Table of Contents

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	48,675		$	45,316		$	2,785		$	(48,101	)	$	48,675
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity earnings of subsidiaries	(48,158		)	—			—			48,158			—
Dividends received from affiliates	33,081			—			—			(33,081		)	—
Depreciation and amortization	220			60,572			4,507			(96		)	65,203
Amortization of debt premium	—			871			—			—			871
Changes in normalized deferred income taxes	—			26,818			—			—			26,818
Change in value of life insurance contracts	—			(1,026		)	—			—			(1,026		)
Stock-based compensation	2,849			—			—			—			2,849
(Gain) on sale of non-utility properties	—			146			—			—			146
Write-off of capital costs	—			3,221			—			—			3,221
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(14		)	6,534			261			—			6,781
Other changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities	355			4,645			1,867			39			6,906
Net cash provided by operating activities	37,008			147,097			9,420			(33,081		)	160,444
Investing activities:
Utility plant expenditures	—			(224,378		)	(4,560		)	—			(228,938		)
Proceeds from sale of non-utility assets	—			395			—			—			395
Change in affiliate advances	291			1,111			(67		)	(1,335		)	—
Collection of affiliate short-term borrowings	365			42,100			—			(42,465		)	—
Issuance of affiliate short-term borrowings	(2,365		)	(20,600		)	—			22,965			—
Collection of affiliate long-term debt	1,175			—			—			(1,175		)	—
Life insurance benefits	—			495			—			—			495
Purchase of life insurance	—			(2,857		)	—			—			(2,857		)
Change in restricted cash	—			66			—			—			66
Net cash used in investing activities	(534		)	(203,668		)	(4,627		)	(22,010		)	(230,839		)
Financing Activities:
Short-term borrowings	44,100			101,000			—			—			145,100
Repayment of short-term borrowings	(20,615		)	(61,000		)	—			—			(81,615		)
Change in affiliate advances	—			(128		)	(1,207		)	1,335			—
Proceeds from affiliate short-term borrowings	20,600			—			2,365			(22,965		)	—
Repayment of affiliate short-term borrowings	(42,100		)	—			(365		)	42,465			—
Repayment of affiliates long-term debt	—			—			(1,175		)	1,175			—
Issuance of long term debt, net of expenses	—			49,823			—			—			49,823
Advances and contribution in aid of construction	—			21,329			119			—			21,448
Refunds of advances for construction	—			(6,855		)	(30		)	—			(6,885		)
Retirement of long-term debt	—			(6,548		)	(448		)	—			(6,996		)
Repurchase of common stock	(744		)	—			—			—			(744		)
Dividends paid to non-affiliates	(33,081		)	—			—			—			(33,081		)
Dividends paid to affiliates	—			(32,105		)	(976		)	33,081			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(31,840		)	65,516			(1,717		)	55,091			87,050
Change in cash and cash equivalents	4,634			8,945			3,076			—			16,655
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	582			4,270			3,985			—			8,837
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	5,216		$	13,215		$	7,061		$	—		$	25,492

Table of Contents

CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated

17 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

California Water Service Group

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the Year Ended December 31, 2015



	Parent Company			Cal Water			All Other Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	45,017		$	44,056		$	400		$	(44,456	)	$	45,017
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity earnings of subsidiaries	(44,516		)	—			—			44,516			—
Dividends received from affiliates	32,066			—			—			(32,066		)	—
Depreciation and amortization	228			58,385			4,670			(101		)	63,182
Change in value of life insurance contracts	—			218			—			—			218
Stock-based compensation	2,578			—			—			—			2,578
(Gain) on sale of non-utility properties	—			(315		)	—			—			(315		)
Changes in normalized deferred income taxes	—			24,393			—			—			24,393
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(758		)	(6,417		)	5,392			(94		)	(1,877		)
Other changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities	1,774			14,807			(4,943		)	135			11,773
Net cash provided by operating activities	36,389			135,127			5,519			(32,066		)	144,969
Investing activities:
Utility plant expenditures	—			(171,645		)	(5,188		)	—			(176,833		)
Proceeds from sale of non-utility assets	—			319			—			—			319
Investment in affiliates	(1,000		)	—			—			1,000			—
Issuance of affiliate short-term borrowings	(3,280		)	(21,500		)	—			24,780			—
Collection of affiliate short-term borrowings	3,000			—			—			(3,000		)	—
Change in affiliate advances	(239		)	(1,111		)	115			1,235			—
Collection of affiliate long-term debt	1,007			—			—			(1,007		)	—
Purchase of life insurance	—			(2,032		)	—			—			(2,032		)
Change in restricted cash	—			288			—			—			288
Net cash used in investing activities	(512		)	(195,681		)	(5,073		)	23,008			(178,258		)
Financing Activities:
Short-term borrowings, net of expenses	15,101			79,202			—			—			94,303
Repayment of short-term borrowings	(43,600		)	(97,400		)	—			—			(141,000		)
Investment from affiliates	—			—			1,000			(1,000		)	—
Change in affiliate advances	—			397			838			(1,235		)	—
Proceeds from affiliate short-term borrowings	21,500			—			3,280			(24,780		)	—
Repayment of affiliate short-term borrowings	—			—			(3,000		)	3,000			—
Repayment of affiliate long-term debt	—			—			(1,007		)	1,007			—
Proceeds from long-term debt	—			99,293			50			—			99,343
Retirement of long-term debt	—			(6,528		)	(475		)	—			(7,003		)
Advances and contributions in aid of construction	—			14,195			1,831			—			16,026
Refunds of advances for construction	—			(6,681		)	(45		)	—			(6,726		)
Repurchase of common stock	(338		)	—			—			—			(338		)
Dividends paid to non-affiliates	(32,066		)	—			—			—			(32,066		)
Dividends paid to affiliates	—			(31,583		)	(483		)	32,066			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(39,403		)	50,895			1,989			9,058			22,539
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(3,526		)	(9,659		)	2,435			—			(10,750		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	4,108			13,929			1,550			—			19,587
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	582		$	4,270		$	3,985		$	—		$	8,837

Table of Contents

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Management's Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017. Based on that evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in "Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013)". Management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2017 our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on these criteria. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, as stated in their report, which is included in Item 8 and incorporated herein.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

Table of Contents

PART III

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by this Item as to directors of the Company and the Company's Audit Committee is contained in the sections captioned "Board Structure" and "Proposal No. 1—Election of Directors" of the 2017 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Information required by this Item regarding executive officers is included in a separate section captioned "Executive Officers of the Registrant" contained in Part I of this annual report.

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers, and employees, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, or persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Ethics is posted on our corporate governance website located at http://www.calwatergroup.com. In addition, amendments to the Code of Ethics and any grant of a waiver from a provision of the Code of Ethics requiring disclosure under applicable SEC and NYSE rules will be disclosed at the same location as the Code of Ethics on our corporate governance website located at http://www.calwatergroup.com.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this Item is contained under the captions "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Report of the Organization and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on Executive Compensation," and "Organization and Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" of the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this Item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is contained in the section captioned "Stock Ownership of Management and Certain Beneficial Owners" of the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

The following table represents securities authorized to be issued under our equity compensation plan:



Plan Category	Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Rights (a)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Rights		Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column) (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	—	—		808,290
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—	—		—
Total	—	$	—	808,290

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.

The information required by this Item is contained in the sections captioned "Certain Related Persons Transactions" and "Board Structure" of the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by this Item is contained in the section captioned "Report of the Audit Committee" and "Relationship with the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" of the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.


(a)	As part of this Form 10-K, the following documents are being filed:


1.	Financial Statement: See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.


2.	Financial Statement Schedules: No financial statement schedules are being included since the information otherwise required is included in the financial statements and the notes thereto.


3.	Exhibits: The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Unless filed with this Form 10-K, the documents listed are incorporated by reference to the filings referred to:



Exhibit Number
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of California Water Service Group (Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2006)
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of California Water Service Group (Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 10, 2011)
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of California Water Service Group, as amended on October 28, 2015 (Exhibit 3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed October 29, 2015)
4.1	Certificate of Designations regarding Series D Participating Preferred Stock, as filed with Delaware Secretary of State on September 16, 1999 (Exhibit 4.2 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003)
4.2	Thirty-Ninth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (Exhibit 4.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.3	Fortieth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 9.86% First Mortgage Bonds due 2020, Series CC. (Exhibit 4.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.4	Forty-First Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.875% First Mortgage Bonds due 2019, Series LL. (Exhibit 4.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.5	Forty-Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 7.28% First Mortgage Bonds due 2025, Series AAA. (Exhibit 4.5 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.6	Forty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 6.77% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series BBB. (Exhibit 4.6 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.7	Forty-Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 8.15% First Mortgage Bonds due 2030, Series CCC. (Exhibit 4.7 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.8	Forty-Sixth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 7.13% First Mortgage Bonds due 2031, Series DDD. (Exhibit 4.8 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.9	Forty-Seventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 7.11% First Mortgage Bonds due 2032, Series EEE. (Exhibit 4.9 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.10	Forty-Eighth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.90% First Mortgage Bonds due 2017, Series FFF. (Exhibit 4.10 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.11	Forty-Ninth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.29% First Mortgage Bonds due 2022, Series GGG. (Exhibit 4.11 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.12	Fiftieth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.29% First Mortgage Bonds due 2022, Series HHH. (Exhibit 4.12 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)

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Exhibit Number
4.13	Fifty-First Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.54% First Mortgage Bonds due 2023, Series III. (Exhibit 4.13 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.14	Fifty-Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.44% First Mortgage Bonds due 2018, Series JJJ. (Exhibit 4.14 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.15	Fifty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.48% First Mortgage Bonds due 2018, Series LLL. (Exhibit 4.16 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.16	Fifty-Seventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 17, 2009, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 6.02% First Mortgage Bonds due 2031, Series OOO. (Exhibit 4.19 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 21, 2009)
4.17	Fifty-Eighth Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 22, 2010, between California Water Service Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, covering 5.50% First Mortgage Bonds due 2040, Series PPP. (Exhibit 4.1 to Current Report on form 8-K filed November 22, 2010).
4.18	The Company agrees to furnish upon request to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of each instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company.
10.1	Water Supply Contract between Cal Water and County of Butte relating to Cal Water's Oroville District; Water Supply Contract between Cal Water and the Kern County Water Agency relating to Cal Water's Bakersfield District; Water Supply Contract between Cal Water and Stockton East Water District relating to Cal Water's Stockton District. (Exhibits 5(g), 5(h), 5(i), 5(j), Registration Statement No. 2-53678, which exhibits are incorporated by reference to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1974)
10.2	Water Supply Contract between the City and County of San Francisco and wholesale customers in Alameda County, San Mateo County and Santa Clara County for a term of twenty-five years beginning on July 1, 2009 and ending on June 30, 2034. The agreement was dated June 24, 2009. (Exhibit 10.3 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending September 30, 2009).
10.3	Water Supply Contract dated July 1, 2009 between the City and County of San Francisco and California Water Service Company to provide water to Bear Gulch and Bayshore service areas for a term of twenty-five years beginning July 1, 2009 and ending June 30, 2034. (Exhibit 10.4 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending September 30, 2009).
10.4	Water Supply Contract dated January 27, 1981, between Cal Water and the Santa Clara Valley Water District relating to Cal Water's Los Altos District (Exhibit 10.3 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992)
10.5	Amendments No. 3, 6 and 7 and Amendment dated June 17, 1980, to Water Supply Contract between Cal Water and the County of Butte relating to Cal Water's Oroville District. (Exhibit 10.5 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992)
10.6	Amendment dated May 31, 1977, to Water Supply Contract between Cal Water and Stockton East Water District relating to Cal Water's Stockton District. (Exhibit 10.6 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992)
10.7	Second Amended Contract dated September 25, 1987, among Stockton East Water District, California Water Service Company, the City of Stockton, the Lincoln Village Maintenance District, and the Colonial Heights Maintenance District Providing for the Sale of Treated Water. (Exhibit 10.7 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1987)
10.8	Water Supply Contract dated April 19, 1927, and Supplemental Agreement dated June 5, 1953, between Cal Water and Pacific Gas and Electric Company relating to Cal Water's Oroville District. (Exhibit 10.9 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992)
10.9	Agreement between the City of Hawthorne and California Water Service Company for the 15-year lease of the City's water system. (Exhibit 10.17 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1996)
10.10	Water Supply Agreement dated September 25, 1996, between the City of Bakersfield and California Water Service Company. (Exhibit 10.18 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1996)
10.11	Water Supply Contract dated November 16, 1994, between California Water Service Company and Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District relating to Cal Water's Livermore District (Exhibit 10.15 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994)
10.12	California Water Service Group Directors' Retirement Plan (As amended and restated on February 22, 2006) (Exhibit 10.14 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)

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Exhibit Number
10.13	Credit Agreement dated as of March 10, 2015 among California Water Service Group and certain of its subsidiaries from time to time party thereto, as borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and letter of credit issuer, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith incorporated, as sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, CoBank, ACB and U.S. Bank National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of China, Los Angeles Branch, as documentation agent, and the other lender parties thereto (Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 11, 2015).
10.14	Credit Agreement dated as of March 10, 2015 among California Water Service Company, as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and letter of credit issuer, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, CoBank, ACB and U.S. Bank National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of China, Los Angeles Branch, as documentation agent, and the other lender parties thereto (Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 11, 2015).
10.15	Executive Severance Plan (Exhibit 10.24 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998)*
10.16	California Water Service Group Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A of the California Water Service Group proxy statement dated March 17, 2000)*
10.17	California Water Service Group Deferred Compensation Plan effective January 1, 2001 (Exhibit 10.22 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000)*
10.18	California Water Service Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective January 1, 2001 (Exhibit 10.23 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000)*
10.19	Amendment No. 1 to California Water Service Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective January 1, 2001 (Exhibit 10.22 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004)*
10.20	Water Supply Contract 99-73 between the City of Bakersfield and California Water Service Company, dated March 31, 1999 (Exhibit 10.25 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003)
10.21	Amendment No. 1 to Water Supply Contract between the City of Bakersfield and California Water Service Company, dated October 3, 2001 (Exhibit 10.26 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003)
10.22	Amendment No. 2 to California Water Service Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective January 1, 2001 (Exhibit 10.27 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004)*
10.23	California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix B of the California Water Service Group proxy statement dated March 25, 2005, for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 27, 2005, as filed with the SEC on March 22, 2005 (File No. 1-13883))*
10.24	The registrant's policy on option repricing under its Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Item 8.01 Other Events in the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 7, 2005)*
10.25	Water Supply Contract dated September 21, 2005, between Cal Water and the Kern County Water Agency. (Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2005)
10.26	Separation Agreement between California Water Service Group and Richard D. Nye. (Exhibit 10 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 22, 2005)*
10.27	Form of Stock Appreciation Right Grant Notice under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan. (Exhibit 10.34 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.28	Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan with Notice of Exercise. (Exhibit 10.35 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.29	Form of Restricted Stock Award Grant Notice under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan. (Exhibit 10.36 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.30	Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan with Assignment Separate From Certificate and Joint Escrow Instructions. (Exhibit 10.38 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.31	Form of Stock Option Grant Notice for outside director under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan. (Exhibit 10.39 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.32	Form of Stock Option Grant Notice under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan. (Exhibit 10.40 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.33	Form of Stock Option Agreement (Incentive Stock Option or Nonstatutory Stock Option) under the California Water Service Group Equity Incentive Plan with Notice of Exercise. (Exhibit 10.41 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005)
10.34	Offer Letter between the registrant and Martin A. Kropelnicki, dated February 15, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of the registrant, dated February 22, 2006)

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Exhibit Number
10.35	Form of Indemnification Agreement to be entered between California Water Service Group and its directors and officers. (Exhibit 10.44 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006)
12.10	Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges
21.0	Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1	Chief Executive Officer certification of financial statements pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Chief Financial Officer certification of financial statements pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.0	Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

_______________________________________________________________________________


*	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized



	CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP
	By	/s/ MARTIN A. KROPELNICKI
		MARTIN A. KROPELNICKI, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 1, 2018

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



/s/ PETER C. NELSON	Chairman, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
PETER C. NELSON

/s/ GREGORY E. ALIFF	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
GREGORY E. ALIFF

/s/ TERRY P. BAYER	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
TERRY P. BAYER

/s/ EDWIN A. GUILES	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
EDWIN A. GUILES

/s/ THOMAS M. KRUMMEL	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
THOMAS M. KRUMMEL, M.D.

/s/ RICHARD P. MAGNUSON	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
RICHARD P. MAGNUSON

/s/ CAROL M. POTTENGER	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
CAROL M. POTTENGER

/s/ LESTER A. SNOW	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
LESTER A. SNOW

/s/ GEORGE A. VERA	Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
GEORGE A. VERA

/s/ MARTIN A. KROPELNICKI	President and Chief Executive Officer; Principal Executive Officer; Member, Board of Directors	Date: March 1, 2018
MARTIN A. KROPELNICKI

/s/ THOMAS F. SMEGAL III	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer; Principal Financial Officer	Date: March 1, 2018
THOMAS F. SMEGAL III

/s/ DAVID B. HEALEY	Vice President, Corporate Controller and Assistant Treasurer; Principal Accounting Officer	Date: March 1, 2018
DAVID B. HEALEY

Form: 10-K

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